Scalable lightning factories for Bitcoin

Pedrosa, Alejandro Ranchal; Potop-Butucaru, Maria; Tucci-Piergiovanni, Sara

doi:10.1145/3297280.3297312

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…This part reviews and presents studies that use Schnorr's Signature to Accumulate signatures in various contexts. Key Aggregable Interactive Aggregate Signatures (KAIAS) was proposed in [61], and it features dynamic signature aggregation, signing by the message originator only, and verification using a single aggregated public key. The size of Bitcoin signatures was reduced thanks to these advantages.…”

Section: 5accumulate Signature Using Schnorr Signaturementioning

confidence: 99%

An Optimized Edward-elgamal Extreme Performance Signature Scheme Oedecas in Iot and Blockchain

Anusha

Saravanan

2023

Preprint

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Digital signatures (DS) are the modern-day guardians of authenticity and security in the digital realm. Even though the goal has stayed the same, the scope of its suitability and the boundaries at which it can be applied have necessitated perpetual improvements in speed, safety, and computation. Increased DS secure efficiency is in high demand, especially considering the Internet of Things (IoT), blockchain technology (BC), and cryptocurrencies. Signatures are generated using a digital signature scheme (DSS). To address the nonrepudiation problem of IoT over the Blockchain ecosystem, let us create this scheme. This article explores EdDSA (Edward Curve Digital Signature Algorithm), a popular DSA, along with a proposed hybrid signature, and how it can be implemented in the IoT based on BC. It also compares the Edward, Hyperelliptic, and Elliptic curve cryptography. Then, we compared the Edwards curve digital signature algorithm (EdDSA) to Elliptic Curve DSA(EcDSA) heuristically and Hyper Elliptic Curve DSA(HeDSA). The study results demonstrate that EdDSA is an improvement over ECDSA and HeDSA. From the study, the proposed scheme, Optimized Edward-El Gamal with Extreme performance Edward curve Accumulate signature (OEDECAS), provides more security and is evaluated to be used in the Blockchain and IoT sectors with positive results right away. It shows a 15% improvement in the transaction flow, a 15% improvement in block validation, and tamper-proof security for IoT, like the same system, implemented without OEDECAS.

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Section: 5accumulate Signature Using Schnorr Signaturementioning

confidence: 99%

An Optimized Edward-elgamal Extreme Performance Signature Scheme Oedecas in Iot and Blockchain

Anusha

Saravanan

2023

Preprint

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“…To improve blockchain scalability in the context of cryptocurrencies, two approaches emerged: asynchronous on-chain solutions that attempt to create consensus-less blockchain protocols [10,11,18] and off-chain solutions, as channels and channels factories (e.g. [3,7,15,16]), that move the transaction load offline while resorting to a consensus-based blockchain only for trust establishment and dispute resolution.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brief Announcement: Breaking the f + 1 Barrier: Executing Payment Transactions in Parallel with Less than f + 1 Validations

Bazzi

Tucci-Piergiovanni

2023

Proceedings of the 2023 ACM Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing

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We consider the problem of supporting payment transactions in an asynchronous system in which up to 𝑓 validators are subject to Byzantine failures under the control of an adaptive adversary. It was shown that this problem can be solved without consensus by using byzantine quorum systems (requiring at least 2𝑓 + 1 validations per transaction in asynchronous systems). We show that it is possible to validate transactions in parallel with less than 𝑓 validations per transaction if each transaction spends no more that a small fraction of a balance. Our solution relies on a novel quorum system that we introduce in this paper and that we call (𝑘 1 , 𝑘 2 )-quorum systems. In the presence of a non-adaptive adversary, these systems can be used to allow up to 𝑘 1 transactions to be validated concurrently and asynchronously but prevent more than 𝑘 2 transactions from being validated. If the adversary is adaptive, these systems can be used to allow 𝑘 1 transaction to be validated and prevent more than 𝑘 ′ 2 > 𝑘 2 transactions from being validated, the difference 𝑘 ′ 2 − 𝑘 2 being dependent on the quorum system's validation slack, which we define in this paper. Using (𝑘 1 , 𝑘 2 )-quorum systems, a payer can execute multiple partial spending transactions to spend a portion of its initial balance with less than full quorum validation (less than 𝑓 validations per transaction) then reclaim any remaining funds using one fully validated transaction, which we call a settlement transaction.

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“…• In channel factories [143,144], many participants jointly fund a factory. In particular, n participants jointly lock funds in an n-party deposit, which is then used to create payment channels for each pair of depositors.…”

Section: Payment Channel Network Payment Channelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey of Layer-Two Blockchain Protocols

Gangwal¹,

Gangavalli²,

Thirupathi³

2022

Preprint

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After the success of the Bitcoin blockchain, came several cryptocurrencies and blockchain solutions in the last decade. Nonetheless, Blockchain-based systems still suffer from low transaction rates and high transaction processing latencies, which hinder blockchains' scalability. An entire class of solutions, called Layer-1 scalability solutions, have attempted to incrementally improve such limitations by adding/modifying fundamental blockchain attributes. Recently, a completely different class of works, called Layer-2 protocols, have emerged to tackle the blockchain scalability issues using unconventional approaches. Layer-2 protocols improve transaction processing rates, periods, and fees by minimizing the use of underlying slow and costly blockchains. In fact, the main chain acts just as an instrument for trust establishment and dispute resolution among Layer-2 participants, where only a few transactions are dispatched to the main chain. Thus, Layer-2 blockchain protocols have the potential to transform the domain. However, rapid and discrete developments have resulted in diverse branches of Layer-2 protocols. In this work, we systematically create a broad taxonomy of such protocols and implementations. We discuss each Layer-2 protocol class in detail and also elucidate their respective approaches, salient features, requirements, etc. Moreover, we outline the issues related to these protocols along with a comparative discussion. Our thorough study will help further systematize the knowledge dispersed in the domain and help the readers to better understand the field of Layer-2 protocols.

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Scalable lightning factories for Bitcoin

Cited by 11 publications

References 8 publications

An Optimized Edward-elgamal Extreme Performance Signature Scheme Oedecas in Iot and Blockchain

An Optimized Edward-elgamal Extreme Performance Signature Scheme Oedecas in Iot and Blockchain

Brief Announcement: Breaking the f + 1 Barrier: Executing Payment Transactions in Parallel with Less than f + 1 Validations

A Survey of Layer-Two Blockchain Protocols

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