Scalable manufacturing of conductive rubber nanocomposites with ultralow percolation threshold for strain sensing applications

Lv, Zhen; Huang, Xin; Fan, Dongyang; Zhou, Peng; Luo, Yongyue; Zhang, Xinxing

doi:10.1016/j.coco.2021.100685

Cited by 40 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…For instance, Lv et al prepared a stretchable natural rubber/CNT-based nanocomposite that provides higher strain sensitivity with a gauge factor (GF) of 19.6 up to 150% strain. 13 Costa et al proposed a styrene butadiene styrene/CNT sensor that provides very high stretchability but low sensitivity. 14 It can be suggested that there is demand for developing a multifunctional sensor that demonstrates good flexibility without compromising sensitivity.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, research has shifted toward elastomer-based nanocomposites to enhance electronics devices’ stretchability. For instance, Lv et al prepared a stretchable natural rubber/CNT-based nanocomposite that provides higher strain sensitivity with a gauge factor (GF) of 19.6 up to 150% strain . Costa et al proposed a styrene butadiene styrene/CNT sensor that provides very high stretchability but low sensitivity .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Printable Carbon Nanotube-Liquid Elastomer-Based Multifunctional Adhesive Sensors for Monitoring Physiological Parameters

Sharma

Naskar

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Developing a printed elastomeric wearable sensor with good conformity and proper adhesion to skin, coupled with the capability of monitoring various physiological parameters, is very crucial for the development of point-of-care sensing devices with high precision and sensitivity. While there have been previous reports on the fabrication of elastomeric multifunctional sensors, research on the printable elastomeric multifunctional adhesive sensor is not very well explored. Herein, we report the development of a stencil printable multifunctional adhesive sensor fabricated in a solvent-free condition, which demonstrated the capability of having good contact with skin and its ability to function as a temperature and strain sensor. Functionalized liquid isoprene rubber was selected as the matrix while carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (c-CNTs) were used as the nanofiller. The selection of the above model compounds facilitated the printability and also helped the same composition to demonstrate stretchability and adhesiveness. A realistic three-dimensional microstructure (representative volume element model) was generated through a computational framework for the current c-CNT-liquid elastomer. Further computational simulations were performed to test and validate the correlation between electrical responses to that of experimental studies. Various physiological parameters like motion sensing, pulse, respiratory rate, and phonetics detection were detected by leveraging the electrically resistive nature of the sensor. This development route can be extended toward developing different innovative adhesives for point-of-care sensing applications.

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Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Printable Carbon Nanotube-Liquid Elastomer-Based Multifunctional Adhesive Sensors for Monitoring Physiological Parameters

Sharma

Naskar

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“…Therefore, the third one is the most significant method for fabricating flexible conductors. Also, for the second and third methods of preparing flexible conductors, to improve the binding force between substrates and fillers, some modifying agent is used to connect substrates and fillers or conductive polymers, such as silane coupling agents, PEDOT:PSS, and so on. , In most of the research studies, only room-temperature properties of the obtained flexible conductors were focused on. However, for the conventional polymer flexible substrates, freezing of molecular chain segments occurs at low temperatures and results in the reduction of toughness, leading to the failure of the material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible Cotton Fiber-Based Composite Films with Excellent Bending Stability and Conductivity at Cryogenic Temperature

Huang

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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The commonly used metal thin film or resin-based flexible composites cannot meet the requirement of cryogenic flexible conductive functional devices, which may be used in space exploration, biomedicine, and other science and technology fields facing a very low temperature environment, because of their poor fatigue and anti-bending properties at cryogenic temperature. In this work, a composite based on functionalized cotton fibers is proposed to achieve the application requirement of flexible electrical systems at cryogenic temperature. A conductive composite film with optimized strength and flexibility was obtained by controlling the size distribution of cotton fibers and adjusting the interaction force among the cotton fibers. The obtained composite film could endure over 10,000 times of bending at 77 K (−196 °C), with the resistance changing less than ±5%, indicating its excellent mechanical flexibility and electrical stability at cryogenic temperature. Finally, a demonstration was successfully conducted by applying the composite film as a flexible electrical connection to a robot arm, which worked at 77 K. This work might be a reference significance for the application of flexible conductors from room temperature to cryogenic temperature.

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“…In terms of linear filler content, when it approaches the percolation threshold, the conductive network becomes unstable, and the strain sensor has weak resistance to external stimuli, showing a large change in electrical resistance and, hence, a high sensing sensitivity . In terms of linear filler dispersion, for example, CNTs tend to form aggregates due to large van der Waals forces (fillers tend to form aggregates, resulting in a slip between CNTs during the tensile strain process and, hence, the small resistance change), , which will lead to a higher filler addition, reduced flexibility, poor electrical conductivity, and decreased sensing sensitivity. , In terms of linear filler aspect ratio, due to the destruction of the aspect ratio during the process, it is kind of difficult to study the effect of aspect ratio on strain sensing behavior and the related literature is few in the field of strain sensors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, during the deformation process of a sensor, the distance between fibers changes from within the electron tunneling distance to beyond the electron tunneling distance through structural design, which would effectively improve sensor sensitivity. The structural design in references is all related with the conductive nanofiber dispersive status: (1) better dispersion (less aggregation) to enable a percolation threshold at a lower conductive nanofiber content; ,,, (2) oriented dispersion in a one-dimensional (1D) or two-dimensional (2D) geometrical substance to enhance the distance change between conductive nanofibers, − which covers the distance range from within the electron tunneling distance to beyond the electron tunneling distance. In terms of well-dispersive structural design, a large amount of chemical solvent is required and causes a harmful impact on the environment; in terms of oriented dispersive structural design, the substance is limited to fibers (1D) or films (2D) but cannot be applied to a three-dimensional (3D) substance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Construction of a Two-Dimensional Response Network in Three-Dimensional Composites to Dramatically Enhance Sensor Sensitivity: A Simple, Feasible, and Green Regulating Strategy

Zhang

Meng

et al. 2022

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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A simple, feasible, and environmentally friendly method for supercritical fluid-assisted construction of a two-dimensional (2D) response network in three-dimensional (3D) composites is proposed to improve sensor performance so as to meet the requirement of new-generation strain sensors including high sensitivity, large strain range, and other auxiliary properties, such as light weight and thermal insulation. The mechanism is that cell wall stretching in the supercritical fluid foaming process changes the conductive fiber dispersive status by eliminating agglomeration and facilitating orientation in 3D cells. For the thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)/carbon nanofiber (CNF) foam strain sensors manufactured in this work, there is an optimal cellular structure, that is, an optimal 2D response network in 3D composites to maximize sensitivity, and the gauge factor (GF) of the foamed TPU/CNF strain sensor is increased by 89 times compared to that of the unfoamed composite, together with increased thermal insulation and lightweight performance than the unfoamed composite. The obtained TPU/CNF foam strain sensor shows good stability and repeatability in human motion detection. To enlighten the structural design, a 2D response network model in a 3D foam for a foam strain sensor is established for the first time. The model reveals that filler content and aspect ratio are the key points to regulate the response network and there is an optimal value for these two factors to maximize the sensitivity in a foam strain sensor. Therefore, the knowledge on foam strain sensors based on the experimental and theoretical results in this work provides a new structural design strategy for sensing materials and guides the optimization of the sensing structure to improve sensor sensitivity.

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Scalable manufacturing of conductive rubber nanocomposites with ultralow percolation threshold for strain sensing applications

Cited by 40 publications

References 42 publications

Printable Carbon Nanotube-Liquid Elastomer-Based Multifunctional Adhesive Sensors for Monitoring Physiological Parameters

Printable Carbon Nanotube-Liquid Elastomer-Based Multifunctional Adhesive Sensors for Monitoring Physiological Parameters

Flexible Cotton Fiber-Based Composite Films with Excellent Bending Stability and Conductivity at Cryogenic Temperature

Construction of a Two-Dimensional Response Network in Three-Dimensional Composites to Dramatically Enhance Sensor Sensitivity: A Simple, Feasible, and Green Regulating Strategy

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