Scalable Optical Phased Array with Sparse 2D Aperture

Fatemi, Reza; Khachaturian, Aroutin; Hajimiri, Ali

doi:10.1364/cleo_si.2018.stu4b.6

Cited by 9 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…The spacing between the elements in a single photonic layer implementation is limited by the size of the antenna, size of the waveguides used for routing the received signals, and the minimum spacing between the waveguides to avoid coupling. The same limitations appear in OPA transmitters, for which some novel techniques such as sparse [18] and non-uniform [17] element placement and multi-layer photonics [40,41] have recently been proposed to reduce the element spacing and increase the steering range. These techniques are also applicable to the receiver design to reduce the element spacing and increase the FOV.…”

Section: Receiver Aperturementioning

confidence: 96%

“…where n, m, N, and M are integer numbers and d is the element spacing (In general, the spacing between elements can be non-uniform, forming an aperiodic or a sparse array. Such apertures has been used for OPA transmitters [17,18] to scale the aperture, increase the grating-lobe-free steering range, and reduce the beamwidth.) Assuming E i (θ, φ) is the complex amplitude of the electric field impinging at an angle (θ, φ), the electric field coupled to the guided mode of the waveguide by the element at (0, 0) is…”

Section: Receiver Aperturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, OPA transmitters (TX) capable of electrical adaptive beamforming, forming a beam of light and steering it electronically, have attracted a great deal of interest [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31]. An OPA transmitter consists of an array of radiating elements and can be used to engineer a desired optical wavefront.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such an optical transmitter has applications in systems such as LiDAR [28][29][30][31][32], point-to-point communication [26,27,33], lens-less projection [19], and holographic displays [34]. Large-scale OPA transmitters with more than a thousand radiating elements have been demonstrated with narrow beamwidth and high resolution [14][15][16][17][18]. Nonuniform element placement has enabled large steering range OPAs [17,18] with the capability of steering the optical beam along both axial directions with over 65,000 resolvable spots.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Large-scale OPA transmitters with more than a thousand radiating elements have been demonstrated with narrow beamwidth and high resolution [14][15][16][17][18]. Nonuniform element placement has enabled large steering range OPAs [17,18] with the capability of steering the optical beam along both axial directions with over 65,000 resolvable spots. Moreover, an OPA transmitter in the visible range has also been demonstrated [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High sensitivity active flat optics optical phased array receiver with a two-dimensional aperture

Fatemi¹,

Abiri²,

Khachaturian³

et al. 2018

Opt. Express

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Optical phased arrays (OPAs) on integrated photonic platforms provide a lowcost chip-scale solution for many applications. Despite the numerous demonstrations of OPA transmitters, the realization of a functional OPA receiver presents a challenge due to the low received signal level in the presence of noise and interference that necessitates high sensitivity of the receiver. In this paper, an integrated receiver system is presented that is capable of on-chip adaptive manipulation and processing of the captured waveform. The receiver includes an optoelectronic mixer that down-converts optical signals to radio frequencies while maintaining their phase and amplitude information. The optoelectronic mixer also provides conversion gain that enhances the system sensitivity and its robustness to noise and interference. Using this system, the first OPA receiver with a two-dimensional aperture of 8-by-8 receiving elements is demonstrated which can selectively receive light from 64 different angles. The OPA receiver can form reception beams with a beamwidth of 0.75 • over an 8 • grating-lobe-free field of view.

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Section: Receiver Aperturementioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Receiver Aperturementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

High sensitivity active flat optics optical phased array receiver with a two-dimensional aperture

Fatemi¹,

Abiri²,

Khachaturian³

et al. 2018

Opt. Express

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A 1-D Heterodyne Lens-Free Optical Phased Array Camera With Reference Phase Shifting

2018

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This paper presents the first integrated silicon photonics optical phased array (OPA) receiver with imaging capabilities. A 32-element one-dimensional (1-D) OPA with an overall aperture size of 96 × 50 μm 2 is used to generate an electrically steerable "gazing beam." The OPA receiver elements couple the incident light to on-chip waveguides that is processed as a phased array receiver. To minimize signal loss and enhance sensitivity, a heterodyne architecture with phase shifters in the local reference path is utilized. The OPA receiver can provide fully programmable angular selectivity with a grating-lobe-free field-of-view of 30°and a gazing beamwidth of 0.74°.

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A Nonuniform Sparse 2-D Large-FOV Optical Phased Array With a Low-Power PWM Drive

Fatemi

Khachaturian

Hajimiri

2019

IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits

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185

123

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Integrated optical phased arrays (OPAs) capable of adaptive beamforming and beam steering enable a wide range of applications. For many of these applications, a large scale 2-D OPA with full phase control for each radiating element is essential to achieve a functional low-cost solution. However, the scalability of such OPAs has been hampered by the optical feed distribution difficulties in a planar photonics process, as well as the high power consumption associated with having a large number of phase control units. In this paper, we present a two-chip solution low-power scalable OPA with a nonuniform sparse aperture, providing radiation pattern adjustment and feed distribution feasibility in a CMOS compatible silicon photonics process. The demonstrated OPA with a 128-element aperture achieves the highest reported grating-lobe-free field-of-view (FOV)-tobeamwidth ratio of 16 • /0.8 • , which is equivalent to a 484-element uniform array. This translates to at least 400 resolvable spots, 30 times more than the state-of-the-art 2-D OPAs. Moreover, by utilizing compact phase shifters in a row-column power delivery grid, we reduce the number of required drivers from 144 to 37. A high-swing pulsewidth modulation (PWM) driving circuit featuring breakdown voltage multipliers and soft turnon activation significantly reduces the power consumption of the system. The electronic driver chip and the integrated photonic chip are fabricated on a 65-nm CMOS process and a thick siliconon-insulator (SOI) silicon photonics process, occupying 1.7 mm 2 and 2.08 mm 2 of active area, respectively.

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Scalable Optical Phased Array with Sparse 2D Aperture

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

High sensitivity active flat optics optical phased array receiver with a two-dimensional aperture

High sensitivity active flat optics optical phased array receiver with a two-dimensional aperture

A 1-D Heterodyne Lens-Free Optical Phased Array Camera With Reference Phase Shifting

A Nonuniform Sparse 2-D Large-FOV Optical Phased Array With a Low-Power PWM Drive

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