Scalable processing for realizing 21.7%-efficient all-perovskite tandem solar modules

Abstract

Challenges in fabricating all-perovskite tandem solar cells as modules rather than as single-junction configurations include growing high-quality wide-bandgap perovskites and mitigating irreversible degradation caused by halide and metal interdiffusion at the interconnecting contacts. We demonstrate efficient all-perovskite tandem solar modules using scalable fabrication techniques. By systematically tuning the cesium ratio of a methylammonium-free 1.8–electron volt mixed-halide perovskite, we improve the homogeneity of crystallization for blade-coated films over large areas. An electrically conductive conformal “diffusion barrier” is introduced between interconnecting subcells to improve the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability of all-perovskite tandem solar modules. Our tandem modules achieve a certified PCE of 21.7% with an aperture area of 20 square centimeters and retain 75% of their initial efficiency after 500 hours of continuous operation under simulated 1-sun illumination.

Resolving Mixed Intermediate Phases in Methylammonium-Free Sn–Pb Alloyed Perovskites for High-Performance Solar Cells

“…After the substrates had cooled, they were immediately transferred to the N 2 -filled glove box for deposition of low-band-gap perovskite films, using procedures identical to those described for the single-junction device. The bandgap values of wide-band-gap and low-band-gap perovskite films are 1.77 and 1.24 eV, respectively [ 18 , 43 ]. The total device active area of tandem device was 0.18 cm 2 , and the mask aperture area was 0.1 cm 2 .…”

“…In this study, we developed a new additive strategy to finely regulate the intermediate phase of Cs 0.25 FA 0.75 Pb 0.6 Sn 0.4 I 3 for high-performance MA-free Sn-Pb alloyed PSCs. Considering that the cyclic lactone molecules, such as γ-butyrolactone (GBL), are used as solvent-additive to generate complexation with the precursor components to optimize the perovskite crystallization process, the amine group (− NH 2 ) has been shown to be effective in passivating perovskite crystal defects [18,[41][42][43]. We introduced d-homoserine lactone hydrochloride (D-HLH) that meets all these requirements to achieve specific bonding interactions with the various perovskite components.…”

Governing PbI6octahedral frameworks for high-stability perovskite solar modules

“…While some inorganic oxides (e.g., SnO 2 , Al 2 O 3 and MoO x ) have been developed to cut off the perovskite-Au interfaces, the costly deposition and precise thickness control might be not applied for large-scale PSMs. [44][45][46] In addition, each P3 scribing process would expose one lateral perovskite surface to the air, resulting in the moisture-induced PbI 6 framework collapse. Thus, a multiinterfacial modification strategy was utilized here by VT deposition at each perovskite-involved multi-interfaces and subsequent UV polymerization (Fig.…”

Configurable Organic Charge Carriers toward Stable Perovskite Photovoltaics

“…From the architecture point of view, PSCs can be generally divided into two different types: normal (n–i–p, negative–intrinsic–positive) type and inverted (p–i–n, positive–intrinsic–negative) type (Figure b). In n–i–p structure, perovskite layer is deposited onto transparent substrate covered with ETMs such as SnO 2 and TiO 2 , and 2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis ( N , N ′-di- p -methoxy­phenylamine)-9,9′-spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD) and polytriarylamine (PTAA) are the most commonly employed HTMs. − The p–i–n structure involves perovskite deposited onto HTMs such as poly­(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonic acid (PEDOT:PSS) and NiO x , followed by the deposition of ETMs such as fullerene and its derivatives. − The properties and processing methods of commonly used CTMs in perovskite solar cell devices are summarized in Table .…”