Scalable, Quasi-Solid-State Bio-polymer Hydrogel Electrolytes for High-Performance Supercapacitor Applications

Abstract

The development of eco-friendly, quasi-solid-state bio-polymer hydrogel electrolytes has become one of the challenging issues in energy storage. The assembly of safer devices has still been the key to be addressed for safety reasons. The present work reports the synthesis of bio-polymer electrolytes using sodium carboxy methyl cellulose (C)/citric acid (CA) support, which was further intercalated by Hibiscus sabdariffa (H), at various fractions. Stable and scalable blends were produced, and the ion transport was effectively enhanced via insertion of H, which occurred through Na + and H 3 O + ions from the corresponding "host and guest", where no external salt as ion source was inserted. The results showed that H in the hydrogel improved the ionic conductivity while maintaining the homogeneity and electrochemical stability. CCAH was coated on the carbon composite electrodes, and the devices were assembled, followed by experimental analysis under ambient conditions. The device exhibited excellent charge/discharge performance over 10,000 cycles with a specific capacitance of 442 F g −1 . In addition, the device offers a superior energy density of 72 W h kg −1 at a power density of 331 W kg −1 . Using non-toxic quasi-solid-state bio-polymer electrolyte hydrogels in devices may pave the way for safe usage in emerging wearable electronics and energy storage systems.

Nonflammable Supramolecular Polymer Electrolytes for Flexible and High-Performance Supercapacitor Applications

“…It is also evident that the current density increases with a scan rate. By maintaining the CV forms at low and high scan speeds in forward and reverse scans, the PGB1Li curves further demonstrate that the material may support adequate ion transitions under high as well as low current rates, , thus enhancing the diffusion-controlled ion transfer. By facilitating ion transport between electrodes within the supercapacitor, this characteristic confirms its capacity to hold charges.…”

“…41 The complex real capacitance (C′) and complex imaginary capacitance (C″) of the PGB1Li-based supercapacitor are shown in Figure 4b and were calculated using the expressions in eqs 3 and 4 based on the impedance acquired from the EIS analysis. 42 The significant increase in C′ values at 10 Hz for the PGB1Li-based supercapacitor indicates relaxation behavior.…”

Effect of Ag Content on the Electrochemical Performance of Ag2Te Nanostructures Synthesized by Hydrothermal Route for Supercapacitor Applications

“…There has been a lot of focus in recent years on developing renewable clean energy sources owing to the depletion of fossil fuels, and their burning also creates environmental pollution as well global warming. − The growing need for new forms of energy storage along with conversion has been driven because of fast consumption regarding non-renewable and non-availability of renewable sources. As a result of the intermittent nature of sustainable energy supplies, building new forms of large-scale energy storage devices has become an incredibly difficult research problem. − Additionally, the development of devices that can withstand tens of thousands of charge/discharge cycles without deteriorating in performance or capacity is required due to the extensive worldwide demand.…”

Synthesis of Zn Intercalated Zn–V@Mo–V Nanorods-based Cathodes for Prolonged Cyclic Stability of Rechargeable Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries

“…Nonaqueous lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have prevailed in portable devices due to their high energy density, long cycle life, and flexible and lightweight design and are now being explored as a feasible option for electric/hybrid vehicles and grid-scale energy storage systems . However, growing concerns about limited lithium resources, safety issues, and high cost are limiting their progress for large-scale applications. , …”

“…4 However, growing concerns about limited lithium resources, safety issues, and high cost are limiting their progress for large-scale applications. 5,6 Rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) have attracted growing attention as the next generation of highperformance and safe energy storage systems. 2,7,8 In addition, they are comparatively abundant in resources and environmentally benign as contrasted to alkaline metals.…”