Scalar modulation instability in the normal dispersion regime by use of a photonic crystal fiber

Harvey, J.D.; Leonhardt, R.; Coen, Stéphane; Wong, G. K. L.; Knight, Jonathan C.; Wadsworth, William J.; Russell, P. St. J.

doi:10.1364/ol.28.002225

Cited by 283 publications

(143 citation statements)

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“…Supercontinuum generation experiments primarily use wavelengths longer that the ZDW, pumping in the anamalous dispersion region. Recently pumping slightly blue shifted into the normal dispersion region has been shown to generate widely separated, phase matched, parametric amplification peaks [23]. It is this discovery that has stimulated our recent exploration of PCF optical nonlinearities at the single photon level [21,24,25,26].…”

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Nonclassical Interference and Entanglement Generation Using a Photonic Crystal Fiber Pair Photon Source

et al. 2007

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We demonstrate two key components for optical quantum information processing: a bright source of heralded single photons; and a bright source of entangled photon pairs. A pair of pump photons produces a correlated pair of photons at widely spaced wavelengths (583 nm and 900 nm), via a χ (3) four-wave mixing process. We demonstrate a non-classical interference between heralded photons from independent sources with a visibility of 95%, and an entangled photon pair source, with a fidelity of 89% with a Bell state.Single photons are ideal for quantum technologies, including quantum communication [1] and quantum metrology [2], due to intrinsically low decoherence and easy one-qubit rotations. However, realising two-qubit logic gates for quantum computation requires a massive optical nonlinearity. Measurement-induced nonlinearies can be realised using only single photon sources and detectors, and linear optical networks [3]. Much progress has been made on each of these components, however, progress on linear optical networks is currently limited by the lack of bright single and pair photon sources. Here we describe a solution based on photonic crystal fibres: four wave mixing produces a correlated pair of photons at widely spaced wavelengths (583nm and 900nm). We demonstrate a bright source of heralded single photons, exhibiting a non-classical interference visibility of 95% for independent sources; and a bright entangled pair source, with 89% fidelity with a maximally entangled state. These sources provide an essential toolkit for photonic quantum information processing.Since the original proposal [3] there have been a number of important theoretical improvements [4,5,6] and experimental proof-of-principal demonstrations [7,8,9,10,11,12], which combined make optical quantum computing promising. Experiments have typically relied on producing photons via spontaneous parametric downconversion, and detecting them with silicon avalanche photodetectors (Si APDs) with intrinsic quantum efficiencies of ∼ 70% and no number resolution. However, the practical limit of standard downconversion is five [11,13] or six [14] photons. Tremendous progress has been made in the development of triggered, high efficiency single photon sources [15,16,17,18] (SPSs) and high efficiency, number resolving single photon detectors [19,20], however, these technolgies will not be commonplace in single photon quantum optics labs for some time. Therefore, in order to make further progress in testing single photon optical circuits for generation of large entangled cluster states, error correcting protocols, and measurement of fault tolerant thresholds, there is an urgent practical need for a bright SPS at the visible wavelengths where Si APDs are efficient.The development of microstructured and photonic crystal fibres [22] (PCFs) enables the engineering of profoundly different optical properties to conventional optical fibres, opening the way for a range of new technologies. PCFs with very small solid cores ( Fig. 1(a)) can have zero dispersion wavele...

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Nonclassical Interference and Entanglement Generation Using a Photonic Crystal Fiber Pair Photon Source

et al. 2007

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“…The material dispersion of silica is intrinsic; therefore, only the waveguide dispersion is useful in tailoring the fiber dispersion. Sufficiently large waveguide dispersion can be achieved by confining the fiber mode very tightly, as in for example photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) [1]. However, large mode area (LMA) fiber designs are necessary for power scaling, and material dispersion often becomes the dominant contribution for larger core sizes.…”

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Intermodal and cross-polarization four-wave mixing in large-core hybrid photonic crystal fibers

Petersen¹,

Alkeskjold²,

Olausson³

et al. 2015

Opt. Express

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Abstract:Degenerate four-wave mixing is considered in large mode area hybrid photonic crystal fibers, combining photonic bandgap guidance and index guidance. Co-and orthogonally polarized pump, signal and idler fields are considered numerically by calculating the parametric gain and experimentally by spontaneous degenerate four-wave mixing. Intermodal and birefringence assisted intramodal phase matching is observed. Good agreement between calculations and experimental observations is obtained. Intermodal four-wave mixing is achieved experimentally with a conversion efficiency of 17 %.

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“…In optical fibers, MI results from the interplay between chromatic dispersion and the intensity-dependent refractive index. In the usual scalar-free propagation, the phase matching of the underlying four-wave mixing process requires anomalous dispersion.3 However, phase matching can also be achieved in normal dispersion region by considering extra degrees of freedom such as polarization in birefringent 5 and isotropic 6 fibers, bimodal fibers, 7 working around the zero-dispersion wavelength (ZDW), [8][9][10] or inserting the fiber within a cavity.11 Scalar MI in free propagation through a single-mode optical fiber is usually described by the nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE), in which the propagation constant is expanded in a Taylor series in the frequency domain. It has been shown that only even-order terms contribute to the MI gain and that development up to the fourth order must be considered when the pump wavelength is close to the ZDW.…”

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“…[8][9][10] To our knowledge, intracavity MI leading to a single frequency has been studied only in relatively strong dispersion regions where models including up to the second-order dispersion term are relevant to describe its dynamics.…”

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“…In the usual scalar-free propagation, the phase matching of the underlying four-wave mixing process requires anomalous dispersion. 3 However, phase matching can also be achieved in normal dispersion region by considering extra degrees of freedom such as polarization in birefringent 5 and isotropic 6 fibers, bimodal fibers, 7 working around the zero-dispersion wavelength (ZDW), [8][9][10] or inserting the fiber within a cavity.…”

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Control and removal of modulational instabilities in low-dispersion photonic crystal fiber cavities

Tlidi

Mussot²,

Louvergneaux³

et al. 2007

Opt. Lett.

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Taking up to fourth-order dispersion effects into account, we show that fiber resonators become stable for a large intensity regime. The range of pump intensities leading to modulational instability becomes finite and controllable. Moreover, by computing analytically the thresholds and frequencies of these instabilities, we demonstrate the existence of a new unstable frequency at the primary threshold. This frequency exists for an arbitrary small but nonzero fourth-order dispersion coefficient. Numerical simulations for a low and flattened dispersion photonic crystal fiber resonator confirm analytical predictions and open the way to experimental implementation. © 2007 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: 190.0190, 190.3100, 190.4360, 190.4370, 230.4320. Instabilities in nonequilibrium systems are drawing considerable attention both from fundamental as well as applied point of views. 1,2 One such instability gives rise to periodic self-modulations and is referred to as modulational instability (MI) in temporally dispersive media 3 and Turing instability 4 in spatially extended systems. In optical fibers, MI results from the interplay between chromatic dispersion and the intensity-dependent refractive index. In the usual scalar-free propagation, the phase matching of the underlying four-wave mixing process requires anomalous dispersion.3 However, phase matching can also be achieved in normal dispersion region by considering extra degrees of freedom such as polarization in birefringent 5 and isotropic 6 fibers, bimodal fibers, 7 working around the zero-dispersion wavelength (ZDW), [8][9][10] or inserting the fiber within a cavity.11 Scalar MI in free propagation through a single-mode optical fiber is usually described by the nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE), in which the propagation constant is expanded in a Taylor series in the frequency domain. It has been shown that only even-order terms contribute to the MI gain and that development up to the fourth order must be considered when the pump wavelength is close to the ZDW.In this case, scalar MI is possible in the normal dispersion region if the fourth-order dispersion term is negative, and a second frequency of instability can be generated if the fourth-order dispersion term is positive. [8][9][10] To our knowledge, intracavity MI leading to a single frequency has been studied only in relatively strong dispersion regions where models including up to the second-order dispersion term are relevant to describe its dynamics.In this Letter, we show that it is necessary to take into account up to the fourth-order dispersion term to capture the full MI dynamics of a passive fiber resonator, especially when proceeding close to the ZDW. To this end, we extend the model developed by Lugiato-Lefever 12 (LL model) up to the fourth-order dispersion term. We then demonstrate that, however small the fourth-order dispersion coefficient is, a second frequency of instability can be observed at the primary threshold of stationary state destabilization, which adds to the si...

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Scalar modulation instability in the normal dispersion regime by use of a photonic crystal fiber

Abstract: Modulation instability at high frequencies has been demonstrated in the normal dispersion regime by use of a photonic crystal fiber. This fiber-optic parametric generator provides efficient conversion of red pump light into blue and near-infrared light.

Cited by 283 publications

References 9 publications

Nonclassical Interference and Entanglement Generation Using a Photonic Crystal Fiber Pair Photon Source

Nonclassical Interference and Entanglement Generation Using a Photonic Crystal Fiber Pair Photon Source

Intermodal and cross-polarization four-wave mixing in large-core hybrid photonic crystal fibers

Control and removal of modulational instabilities in low-dispersion photonic crystal fiber cavities

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