Scalar, tensor, and vector polarizability of Tm atoms in a 532-nm dipole trap

Abstract

I. ABSTRACTDipolar atoms have unique properties, making them interesting for laser cooling and quantum simulations. But, due to relatively large orbital momentum in the ground state these atoms may have large dynamic tensor and vector polarizabilities in the ground state. This enables the formation of spindependent optical traps. In this paper real part of tensor and vector dynamic polarizability was experimentally measured and compared to theoretical simulation. For an optical dipole trap operating around 532.07 nm tensor, polarizability was found to be 145 53 a.u.  and vector was 680 240 a.u. The measurements were compared with simulations, which were done based on the known set of levels from a thulium atom. The simulations are in good agreement with experimental results. In addition, losses of atoms from the dipole trap were measured for different trap configurations and compared to the calculated imaginary part of vector and tensor polarizabilities.

Random Matrix Theory Analysis of a Temperature-Related Transformation in Statistics of Fano–Feshbach Resonances in Thulium Atoms

“…Previous research has proposed that the reason for statistics transformation may be a change in the resonances caused by the Stark shift [ 10 ]. The tensor polarizability of the thulium atom is quite substantial [ 25 ] and, therefore, can naturally repulse resonances. Thus, one could expect some correlations between S- and D-resonance spectra due to the presence of the Stark shift in the optical dipole trap.…”

“…Taken as the perturbation term to atomic states, entries are given by: where is the total atom angular momentum quantum number and is its projection quantum number, is the peak intensity of the trapping laser beam, and is the Stark energy shift, which depends on laser beam intensity and geometry as well as atom polarizability [ 25 ]. This assumes that the experimentally determined [ 25 ] polarizability of free atoms remains the same in the weakly bound molecular state. For each hyperfine component (i.e., or ), is chosen from .…”

Experimental study of tune-out wavelengths for spin-dependent optical lattice in $^{87}$Rb Bose-Einstein condensation

“…As we know, ac Stark effect is the result of an interaction between atoms and a classical light field. Here the total ac Stark shift for alkali-metal atoms in ground state interacting with a far-off-resonance light field can be expressed in terms of its scalar, vector, tensor components [41][42][43][44][45] ∆U =∆U (F, m F ; ω)…”

New opportunites for interactions and control with ultracold lanthanides

“…However, in the last years, tremendous progress has been made in calculating the atomic polarizability of various lanthanides; see e. g. [75][76][77][78][79]. In experiments, the scalar, vectorial, and tensorial dynamical polarizability at specific wavelengths have been measured for erbium [80], dysprosium [81][82][83][84], and thulium [79,85]. The anisotropic polarizability and spindependent atom-light interaction have been then used to realize "tune-out" [81] and "magic [13,83] wavelength conditions between ground and excited states, as well as techniques for control of spin and motional dynamics, discussed in the following section.…”