Scale formation and control in high pressure membrane water treatment systems: A review

Antony, Alice; Low, Jor How; Gray, Stephen; Childress, Amy E.; Le‐Clech, Pierre; Leslie, Greg

doi:10.1016/j.memsci.2011.08.054

Cited by 596 publications

(440 citation statements)

References 149 publications

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“…On the other hand, one should not exclude the formation of Ca 3 (atmp)·3H 2 O particles along with CaSO 4 •2H 2 O ones at the first moment of calcium and sulfate brines contact with each other in the presence of ATMP, followed by a slow redistribution of phosphonate forms. However, these Ca-ATMP particles are expected to have negligible light scattering intensity relative to the band of the background CaSO 4 •2H 2 O due to their insignificant mass content in the system studied. …”

Section: Ca -Atmp Equilibria Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the bulk liquid phase remains transparent, although the measured zeta-potential of these particles (−12±3 mV) is small and unable to prevent particle aggregation. Injection of 0.027 g·dm −3 TM40 to the blank solution after 120 minutes equilibration results in a separate TM40 band (48±20 nm) and a more intense band of CaSO 4 •2H 2 O (400±150 nm) with a relative gypsum:TM40 scattering intensity ratio of 2.7±0.3, Figure 7a. This ratio and the particle sizes remain constant for 30 minutes, proving that no significant aggregation of TM40 and gypsum takes place.…”

Section: Calcium Sulfate Supersaturated Solutions Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the same nanoimpurities play a similar role in Ca 3 (atmp)·3H 2 O formation, or simply do adsorb ATMP molecules. In both cases ATMP "blocks" the surface of such crystallization centers from calcium and sulfate ions, and does not let CaSO 4 •2H 2 O crystals to form. As far as both ATMP and CaSO 4 compete for the same set of nanoimpurities, the number of CaSO 4 •2H 2 O nanocrystals gets sufficiently reduced relative to the blank experiment.…”

Section: Tentative Mechanism Of Gypsum Scale Formation Inhibition By mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Scaling is a very common problem in boilers and heat exchangers, evaporation plants, RO facilities and oilfield applications [1][2][3][4]. A widely used technique for controlling scale deposition is an application of chemical inhibitors [2,[5][6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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DLS study of a phosphonate induced gypsum scale inhibition mechanism using indifferent nanodispersions as the standards for light scattering intensity comparison

2018

Int. J. Corros. Scale Inhib.

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The dynamic light scattering (DLS) special technique is used to study the bulk supersaturated gypsum aqueous solutions during the induction period in 0.2 mol·dm -3 NaCl at pH 9 and 25°C. It is based on the standard SiO 2 nanoparticles (Ludox TM40) injection into the supersaturated gypsum solution. These nanoparticles act as an internal indifferent light scattering intensity reference and provide a semiquantitative measurement of a relative gypsum particles content in a blank solution and in the system treated with aminotris(methylenephosphonic acid), ATMP. It is found that ATMP sufficiently reduces the number of gypsum nuclei, spontaneously formed in the supersaturated solutions. In a parallel way the chemical forms of antiscalant in the experimental systems have been modeled. A tentative nonconventional mechanism of scale inhibition is proposed. It assumes that the active crystal formation centers already exist in any analytical grade aqueous solution in the form of solid nanoimpurities with a size ranging from one to several hundred nm. The ATMP antiscalant competes with Ca 2+ and 2 4 SO  for these centers and blocks them. Therefore the number of gypsum growth centers diminishes significantly. Thus the concentration of corresponding CaSO 4 ·2H 2 O particles gets reduced at least 10-fold. The collision rate of such particles decreases 100-fold. This explains both induction time prolongation by ATMP and sub-stoichiometry of its efficacy.

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Section: Ca -Atmp Equilibria Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Calcium Sulfate Supersaturated Solutions Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tentative Mechanism Of Gypsum Scale Formation Inhibition By mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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DLS study of a phosphonate induced gypsum scale inhibition mechanism using indifferent nanodispersions as the standards for light scattering intensity comparison

2018

Int. J. Corros. Scale Inhib.

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“…The calcium concentrations (Figure 2b) do not significantly deviate from the calculated no-precipitation line, suggesting that calcium did not precipitate. This is in contrast to the ROSA modelling which is based on equilibrium solubility data alone, which showed an LSI of 4.8 for the concentrate, which is conducive for precipitation [21]. This may be attributable to the large quantities of magnesium present, which can act as a powerful inhibitor of calcium carbonate precipitation [22].…”

Section: Scaling Potential Of Rocmentioning

confidence: 62%

Silica scale mitigation for high recovery reverse osmosis of groundwater for a mining process

Sartipy

Milne

Taylor³

et al. 2014

Desalination

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Abstract:The feasibility of silica removal in RO treatment of groundwater from a Western Australian mining and processing operation to prevent scaling and enhance water recovery was investigated. This study has shown that it is possible to decrease the silica concentration in RO concentrate to levels that would allow an overall water recovery of 90% to 95% using 10 g/L of regenerable activated alumina adsorbent. Regeneration of the adsorbent using 2% NaOH was found to be effective for at least three regeneration cycles. A preliminary costing of the high water recovery RO process using silica removal by adsorption indicated product water (permeate) costs of $5.6/kL and savings due to a reduction in brine volume from the current 40% of feed volume to 5-10% of feed volume. It also allows better utilization of a scarce groundwater resource, allowing the production of up to 1.6 times more low salt water from a given volume of groundwater. These results warrant larger scale investigation of silica removal and adsorbent regeneration for high recovery RO processing for mining operations, and application of silica removal to RO treatment of other silica laden waters such as coal seam gas produced water.

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Scaling

Gilron

2013

Encyclopedia of Membrane Science and Technology

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Scaling is one of the most vexing problems affecting the use of membranes for pressure‐driven desalination. The scaling problems most commonly encountered are caused by calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, and silica in brackish water RO; calcium carbonate and calcium sulfate in seawater RO; and calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate in desalination of municipal wastewater. This article surveys the conditions leading to scaling, mechanisms by which scaling can cause flux decline, thermodynamics and kinetics of scaling, present state of the art in preventing scaling, new processes proposed for mitigating the problem, and new techniques for detecting the onset of scaling.

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Scale formation and control in high pressure membrane water treatment systems: A review

Cited by 596 publications

References 149 publications

DLS study of a phosphonate induced gypsum scale inhibition mechanism using indifferent nanodispersions as the standards for light scattering intensity comparison

DLS study of a phosphonate induced gypsum scale inhibition mechanism using indifferent nanodispersions as the standards for light scattering intensity comparison

Silica scale mitigation for high recovery reverse osmosis of groundwater for a mining process

Scaling

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