Scale Formation Due to Water Injection in Malaysian Sandstone Cores

Merdhah, Amer Badr Bin; Yassin, Abu Azam Mohd

doi:10.3844/ajassp.2009.1531.1538

Cited by 21 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The production of water was reported to be 210 million B/D globally in 1999 (Veil et al 2004). Water is also responsible for most of the corrosion and scale problems in the oil field (Donham 1991;Nasr-El-Din 2003;Merdhah and Yassin 2009;Al-Tolaihy and Bukhari 2010). This amount increased to 249 million B/D in 2005 (Khatib 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymer Systems for Water Shutoff and Profile Modification: A Review Over the Last Decade

2013

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Unwanted water production is a serious issue in oil-and gas-producing wells. It causes corrosion, scale, and loss of productivity. One method of treating this problem is to chemically reduce unwanted water. This paper discusses the use of polymer systems for this purpose and presents a thorough review of available literature over the last decade. In this paper, field-application data for various polymer systems are summarized over the range of 40 to 150 C (104 to 302 F). These applications cover a wide range of permeabilities from 20 to 2,720 md in sandstone and carbonate reservoirs around the globe. Moreover, the review revealed that the last decade of developments can be categorized into two major types. The first type is polymer gels for total water shutoff in the near-wellbore region, in which a polymer is crosslinked with either an organic or an inorganic crosslinker. The second type is concerned with deep treatment of water-injection wells diverting fluids away from high-permeability zones (thief zones). These thief zones take most of the injected water, which results in a large amount of unrecovered oil. For the total-blocking gels, various systems were identified, such as polyurethane resins, chromium (Cr 3þ ) crosslinking terpolymers, Cr 3þ crosslinking foamed partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (PHPA), and nanoparticle polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) sequestering Cr 3þ for elongation of its gelation time with PHPA. In addition, polyethylenimine (PEI) was identified to crosslink various polyacrylamide-(PAM-) based polymers. The Petróleos de Venezuela S.A. (PDVSA) Research and Development Center developed a PAM-based thermally stable polymer and an organic crosslinker. The system is applicable for a wide temperature range from 50 to 160 C (130 to 320 F).For the deep modification of water-injection profiles in waterinjection wells, two systems were identified: microspheres prepared from PAM monomers crosslinked with N,N 0 -methylenebisacrylamide and microspheres produced by crosslinking 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) with diacrylamides and methacrylamides of diamines (thermally activated microparticles known as Bright Water). This paper highlights all major developments in these areas. Important Factors for Successful CITsThe identification of the water source is a key factor for successful CITs. The characterization of water production can be performed

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymer Systems for Water Shutoff and Profile Modification: A Review Over the Last Decade

2013

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“…Common oilfield scale deposition known are calcium carbonates, calcium sulfates, strontium sulfates and barium sulfates. Sulphate scale, in particular, could result from changes in temperature and/or pressure while fluids including water flow from one location to another 2007, 2009). These work results are the logical explanation to the scale observed in the ESP impellers where it is clearly observed in the region behind the vanes.…”

Section: Pump Failure Due To Scale Build-upmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Signal Analysis of an Electrical Submersible Pump Failure Due to Scaling

Mehidi

Bukhamseen

2013

SPE Middle East Oil and Gas Show and Conference

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The present paper is concerned with a study of electrical submersible pump failure due to scale build-up. From motor current signals recorded several weeks before the failure, weak fluctuations were recorded, indicating a change in the motor load. The advanced signal analysis of the motor current data revealed the presence of a dynamical character of the electrical submersible pump signal when scale started rapidly building up in the pump stages. Based on the raw data from the motor current draw a dynamical cascade was identified from the current marked with the superimposition of several characteristic frequencies added in time and developing a chaotic trend. The analysis is conducted with different signal analysis recognition tools such as Fourier transform, wavelet transform and chaotic attractors, which describe the nature of the scale signature in the current logs clearly. This analysis can be the first step towards developing real time diagnostic tools to predict ESP failures and acting accordingly.

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“…It is well known in the oil industry that strontium ions cause large amounts of scaling on the inner surface of the pipelines leading to a drastic reduction in oil production and huge financial losses [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ]. One of the major challenges of the oil industry is to prevent scale development in the oil production pipelines [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reusable Sensor for Strontium Sulfate Scale Monitoring in Seawater

2021

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The onset of scaling in oil pipelines can halt or drastically reduce oil production, causing huge financial losses and delays. Current methods used to monitor scaling can take weeks, while the scaling process only takes few hours. The proposed sensor is designed for online monitoring of strontium ions concentration in seawater as an early scaling indicator. The sensor operates in the GHz range by probing the shift in the resonance frequency due to changes in the ionic concentrations of the medium. The results show selective sensitivity to changes in the strontium ions concentration even in the presence of many other ions found in seawater. The measured sensitivity is found to be stable and linear with a detection level of better than 0.08% (0.042 mol/L) of strontium ions in seawater. This work demonstrates a robust GHz sensor for strontium sulfate scale monitoring and early detection, which could be used in the oil industry to prevent huge production losses. These results could also be extended further to target the monitoring of other ions in different industrial sectors.

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Scale Formation Due to Water Injection in Malaysian Sandstone Cores

Cited by 21 publications

References 23 publications

Polymer Systems for Water Shutoff and Profile Modification: A Review Over the Last Decade

Polymer Systems for Water Shutoff and Profile Modification: A Review Over the Last Decade

Advanced Signal Analysis of an Electrical Submersible Pump Failure Due to Scaling

Reusable Sensor for Strontium Sulfate Scale Monitoring in Seawater

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