Scale modeling of quasi-steady wood crib fires in enclosures

Croce, Paul A.; Xin, Yibing

doi:10.1016/j.firesaf.2004.12.002

Cited by 28 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Then, the internal wall temperatures are analyzed. Note that for comparison, the time in model scales has been scaled up to full scale in the following figures by equation (4).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Note that for easy comparison, in the following figures, both the time and the incident heat fluxes in model scales have been scaled up to full scale, according to equations (4) and 8, respectively.…”

Section: Scaling Of Incident Heat Fluxmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the scaling laws used for the thick insulating materials may be questioned. Croce and Xin 4 examined the scaling of wood crib fires and found good agreement between different scales. Scaling of water-based fire suppression systems has also been conducted in open and enclosure fires.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Scaling of internal wall temperatures in enclosure fires

Hertzberg

2014

Journal of Fire Sciences

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Scaling of internal wall temperatures in enclosure fires The scaling of enclosure fires, including internal wall temperatures and heat fluxes, are thoroughly analyzed and a method of scaling internal wall temperatures is proposed. Two series of room fires were tested in three different scales, i.e. full scale (1:1), medium scale (1:2) and small scale (1:3.5), according to the theory. The fire source was either placed at the center or in the corner of the enclosures. The measured internal wall temperatures, incident heat fluxes, gas temperatures, gas velocities and gas concentrations in different scales are compared and analyzed. The results show that the proposed scaling method is able to scale the internal wall temperature very well, especially in medium scale. The incident heat fluxes and gas velocities are also scaled very well. The gas temperatures and gas concentrations are scaled generally relatively well. The calculation of upper layer gas temperatures in the compartment fires are investigated. The results show that both the maximum ceiling excess gas temperatures and average ceiling excess gas temperatures at the upper layer for corner fires are higher than those for center fires, and the ratio is 1.25 for both the maximum and the average ceiling excess gas temperatures. The maximum excess gas temperature normally exists right above the fire and is approximately 19 % higher than the average values for both center fires and corner fires. The widely used MQH equation cannot directly be used to estimate the gas temperatures in compartments covered with insulating materials. A correlation has been proposed to estimate the upper layer gas temperatures in compartments covered by similar insulating materials for both center fires and corner fires. The equation is expected to be valid for gas temperatures below 700 o C or slightly higher, but not over 1000 o C.

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“…Then, the internal wall temperatures are analyzed. Note that for comparison, the time in model scales has been scaled up to full scale in the following figures by equation (4).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Scaling Of Incident Heat Fluxmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Scaling of internal wall temperatures in enclosure fires

Hertzberg

2014

Journal of Fire Sciences

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“…The effects can be overestimated if one compares a wood crib with low porosity and ambient or natural wind conditions to a wood crib with a high porosity and high wind conditions. In the present tests, the porosity of the cribs was chosen as a large value of 2.1 mm, to avoid this effect of porosity (Croce and Xin, 2005;Ingason, 2005;Ingason and Li, 2010). The definition of the porosity can be found in, e.g.…”

Section: Fire Sourcementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The corresponding porosity is mainly in a range of 0.3 mm and 0.4 mm. It is known that when the crib porosity is less than about 0.7 mm, the mass burning rate starts to be influenced by the geometry of the porosity (Croce and Xin, 2005;Ingason, 2005;Ingason and Li, 2010). Therefore, the test data obtained cannot be used for fair comparison of the effect of ventilation on the heat release rate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%