Scale Transition and Structure–Function Synergy Differentiation of Rural Residential Land: A Dimensionality Reduction Transmission Process from Macro to Micro Scale

Abstract

In order to enhance the scientific understanding of the transition law of rural residential areas and enrich the theory and method system of land use transition research, this article takes Shandong Province as an example and constructs a comprehensive research framework of rural residential land scale, structure, and function from the perspective of the combination of the macro and micro scales based on differences between the rural residential areas in the region and the village scale forms. Using model quantitative analysis and horizontal comparative analysis methods, this paper explores the process characteristics of rural residential land use scale transition and the corresponding stage differentiation law of spatial structure and system function. Research has shown that the stage characteristics of the scale transition of rural residential land use in Shandong Province in the past 10 years are significant. The five transition stages—from the primary stage, low stage, intermediate stage, advanced stage, to the stable stage—show obvious spatial agglomeration and spatial autocorrelation, which are mainly driven by the positive and negative interactions of economic development, the policy environment, natural conditions, and population. With the gradual upgrading of the land use scale in rural residential areas, the spatial pattern of rural residential areas has been continuously optimized, the land use structure has tended to be balanced and complicated, and the living-production-ecological function as a whole has been strengthened. The essence of this type of differentiation is the differential performance of rural residential areas adapting their own conditions to the external environment. The transition of the rural residential area from the macro to the micro scale is also the process of realizing rural reconstruction and rural revitalization. In the future, under the framework of the “element–structure–function” system of rural residential areas, the rural transition and development should be continuously promoted through the support, organization, guidance, and promotion mechanisms of internal and external factors.

Three-dimensional measurement and coupling and coordination evolution of recessive land use morphology of rural settlements: A case of Henan Province

“…土地系统科学是深化理解社会和环境系统之间互 动的重要理论视角 [1][2] ， 土地利用转型是土地系统科 学的重点研究主题 [3] 。土地利用转型是指在社会经 济变革驱动下， 区域由一种土地利用形态转变为另 一种土地利用形态的过程 [4] 。土地利用形态通常可 分为显性与隐性 2 种： 显性形态指区域在特定时期 内由主要用地类型形成的结构(数量结构和空间结 构)， 隐性形态依附于显性形态， 需通过深入分析和 调查才能获取， 具有质量、 固有投入、 产出能力、 功 能、 经营方式和产权等多重属性 [4][5] 。土地利用形态 是土地利用转型研究的核心内容 [4] 。经历数十年工 业化、 城镇化与全球化进程， 中国城乡发展发生巨变 和重构， 经济社会的重大变迁将折射于土地利用， 催 生新的土地利用形态与土地利用转型趋势 [6] 。因此 从土地利用形态及其转型切入， 是解析区域人类活 动与土地系统耦合规律 [7] 、 研判未来发展方向的重 要思路 [8] 。 中国是乡村人口大国， 宅基地(狭义)和农村居 在其 "表 A2" 中将农村居民点分为住宅、 商服、 工 矿、 工业、 仓储、 学校等用地， 其中农村住宅用地(宅 基地)一般是农村居民点的主体。经济社会快速发 展背景下， 农村居民点及其内部宅基地的 "显性-隐性" 形态 [4] 、 "空间-功能" 形态 [9] 以及利益主体形 态 [10] 发生深刻转变， 并内嵌于城乡 "土地-社会经 济-生态环境" 耦合系统演化过程中 [11][12] 。以往学 者对宅基地的用地形态及其转型开展了一系列探 讨， 在理论与机理解析方面， 涉及宅基地转型的理 论假设与证实 [13][14] ， 宅基地利用转型与耕地利用转 型的耦合 [15] 以及与小农经济变迁的耦合机理 [16] ， 宅 基地多功能转型 [17] 和宅基地功能转型的机理与模 式 [18] 。此外， 从多种利用状态视角下开展宅基地转 型刻画 [19] ， 探讨京津冀宅基地的数量演化、 空间转 型和图斑形态转变 [20] ， 解析宅基地多尺度转型及其 空间结构和功能的阶段分异规律 [21] 等。 从农村居民点来看， 学者们探讨农村居民点转 型的经济梯度分异 [22] ， 论述农村居民点用地结构转 型的特征和模式 [23][24] ， 以农村居民点的人均面积变化 来表征与解析其转型进程 [25] ， 基于解译与模拟探讨 城郊农村居民点 1961-2030 年的空间格局演化及 其模式 [26] ， 分析都市扩张压力下农村居民点的空间 转型 [27] ， 从制度变迁、 行为主体和用地变化等维度构 建城郊农村居民点转型的解释框架 [28] ， 基于社会长 期变迁总结乡村聚落空间结构转型的普遍规律 [29] ， 探讨村落人居环境转型 [30] 以及乡村景观格局对土 地利用转型的响应 [31] ； 还有研究从农村居民点和宅 基地的扩张 [32] 、 闲置 [33] 、 空心化与边际化 [34][35] 、 用地整 治 [36] 以及制度变迁…”

Theoretical Development Model for Rural Settlements against Rural Shrinkage: An Empirical Study on Pingyin County, China

“…In the early stage of urbanization (Figure 1), the population is concentrated in rural areas. Owing to the loose environment for homestead management, approval, and transactions and the lack of village construction planning, rural residents rely on grass-roots administrators and they purchase and construct houses in large numbers, resulting in the continuous growth of rural residential land [28]. In the middle stage of urbanization, as the level of urbanization increases rapidly, a huge rural population, especially young and middle-aged laborers, migrates to cities, and the area of rural residential land continues to expand [29].…”

“…Rural settlements in the agricultural landscape are mainly manifested as patches of different sizes, areas, and arrangements [28]. The geographic differentiation and pattern evolution of the location, scale, shape, and structure of these patches can reveal the footprints of human-land interactions at different stages and in different regions and can also serve as an important basis for rural settlements to determine their development model.…”

The Functional Value Evolution of Rural Homesteads in Different Types of Villages: Evidence from a Chinese Traditional Agricultural Village and Homestay Village

“…In addition to the multifunctionality of the homestead, its rights relationship, humanland relationship, and other aspects are extremely complex, and various influencing factors need to be comprehensively considered in the calculation of its value [29]. In the context of social and economic transition, farmers' livelihood strategies have shifted to nonagricultural or agro-industrial integration [30]. The "leaving the soil and leaving the village" of the second and third generations of farmers has led to significant changes in farmers' intergenerational relations [31].…”