Scale‐up and economic analysis for the design of supercritical fluid extraction equipment for remediation of soil

Abstract

The magnitude of the contaminated site clean-up

Remediation of PAHs contaminated soil by extraction using subcritical water

“…A general comparison of the operation cost of the supercritical fluid extraction process with other alternative technologies for treatment of PAHs contaminated soil reported by Montero et al [35] that exclude any costs on capital. They reported that the cost per m 3 of treated soil using supercritical water oxidation was at $250-$733, bio-clean at $191-$370, Acurex solvent wash at $196-$549, methanol extraction at $400-$514, incineration at $1713-$1826, and supercritical fluid extraction at $170-$200.…”

Supercritical CO2 oilseed extraction in multi-vessel plants. 2. Effect of number and geometry of extractors on production cost

“…Literature values included the costs of a 2 × 487/1693/33 industrial SFE plant for flavoring material [10], a 4 × 2000/5000/72.5 industrial SFE plant for deoiling of peanut halves [11], a 2 × 209/2160/32.5 industrial SFE plant for an "economically interesting" oil from oilseeds [12], a 2 × 1950/18,889/33 industrial SFE plant for soil remediation [13], a typical 3 × 500/6000/84.5 industrial SFE plant for the extraction of nutraceuticals [14], a 2 × 200/345/26 industrial SFE plant for clove bud oil and ginger oleoresin [15], and a 2 × 200/51/39 industrial SFE plant for herbaceous material [16]. Körner [17] [2].…”

“…To account for differences in pressure rating, we adopted the suggestion of Hederer and Heidemeyer [19] who proposed that the cost of high-pressure components (e.g., extraction vessels capable of withstanding ≥10 MPa) increases 50% for each increase in pressure rating of 10 MPa. Generally, we assumed that the nominal pressure of the plant is 30% above the extraction pressure for the plant, but in two cases we adopted the design pressure of the plants informed by the authors [10,13]. Considering the values of n, V E , and Q of the plants, and best-fitted (preliminary) values of ˛, ˇ, m 1 , and m 2 , a value of I r can be estimated for each of the aforementioned plants using Eq.…”

Supercritical extraction of contaminants from soils and sediments

“…Bench-scale study results from SCE of soil polluted with naphthalene and 1,2,4-tri-Me benzene as a function of the SCCD flow rate and density have been reported [90]. Data were used to perform a basic economic analysis of the process and to develop scale-up methodology from laboratory-scale SCE devices to industrially useful equipment.…”