Scale‐Up of a Crystallizer for Production of Nano‐Sized Energetic Materials

Jung, Woo-Young; Park, Junyong; Lee, Woojin; Lee, Jaecheol; Koo, Kee-Kahb; Oh, Min

doi:10.1002/ceat.201600027

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Moreover, compared with the original RDX crystal, the nanocrystalized RDX particles also have many other excellent properties, such as higher density, higher reactivity, higher combustion rate, lower sensitivity, and lower critical size [18][19][20][21][22][23]. In addition, due to the specificity of RDX nanoparticles in many aspects, such as particle surface structure, particle size, pore, and defect, etc., the thermal decomposition characteristics of RDX nanoparticles are different from those of ordinary RDX crystals as well [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Nano‐Sized RDX in CMDB Propellant with High Solid Content

Sun

Gao³

et al. 2021

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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Compared to the ordinary RDX, nano-sized RDX has many more excellent properties. Therefore two kinds of CMDB propellant were prepared for comparison. One is the normal CMDB propellant called M-CMDB propellant, the other is N-CMDB propellant which adds nano-sized RDX to CMDB propellant. The morphology characterization, tensile properties, sensitivity, and combustion performance of the propellants were investigated, the results for N-CMDB propellant were compared with that for the normal one. It has been found that the interface of N-CMDB propellant showed no stratification and fewer overall defects than the normal one. The value of σ m and ɛ m for N-CMDB propellant are increased by 32.6 % and 25.2 % at 323.15 K, respectively. At 293.15 K, the σ m and ɛ m values of N-CMDB propellant also increased by 25.4 % and 46.9 % and increased by 17.5 % and 23.7 %, respectively, at 233.15 K. The friction and impact sensitivities of N-CMDB propellant are decreased by 51.3 % and 50.4 %, respectively. The TG/DSC study indicated that, compared with M-CMDB propellant, the thermal decomposition peak temperature of N-CMDB propellant is advanced, and the apparent activation energy is reduced by about 6.0 % to 144.3 kJ • mol À 1 . Combustion performance measurements were carried out. It was observed that nanosized RDX is a good burning rate enhancer, because of the burning rate coefficient value of N-CMDB propellant is relatedly increased by 36.9 %. Besides, the pressure exponent of N-CMDB propellant is relatively decreased by 21.6 %. All the results indicate that the application of nano-sized RDX will help to improve the comprehensive performance of CMDB propellant.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Nano‐Sized RDX in CMDB Propellant with High Solid Content

Sun

Gao³

et al. 2021

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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“…Hence, mathematical modeling with PBMs is applied to tubular crystallizers and mixed-suspension, mixed-product removal (MSMPR) crystallizers under silent conditions or with ultrasound . Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) can be combined with PBMs to include hydrodynamic effects in the description of the crystallization process, and therefore this approach can contribute to the scale-up of the continuous crystallizers. , In the case of antisolvent crystallization of aspirin, the effect of ultrasound causes complex flow phenomena in the system. Understanding these phenomena and modeling them are crucial for further scale-up.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theoretical Study of the Scalability of a Sonicated Continuous Crystallizer for the Production of Aspirin

Savvopoulos

Hussain

Gerven

et al. 2020

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Ultrasound is frequently applied in crystallization to enhance nucleation and achieve crystal sizes within a narrow range. In this work, a mathematical model is developed which couples the acoustic effect of ultrasound on the antisolvent crystallization of aspirin with the flow hydrodynamics and associated micromixing. In the first step, a qualitatively validated 3D acoustic simulation of the crystallizer is used to understand the acoustic field in the reactor. Following this an assessment of various flow and micromixing models is carried out using a 3D CFD model which is compared to a previously validated 1D model. The identified models successfully capture the acoustic field and predict the crystal size and the crystals' coefficient of variation in experimental studies. The proposed model offers a practical platform that can be applied to experiments for improving the design of continuous crystallizers, as the model has

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“…Generally, potential energetic cocrystals are composed of a high-energy explosive and a less sensitive one (or inert materials) in a specified ratio, which are formed by hydrogen bonds and π–π stacking. , The physicochemical properties of these cocrystals, not only sensitivity but also the other performances such as melting point, detonation velocity, and thermal stability, are different from both the pure components and physical mixtures. Moreover, reduction of crystal size is believed to be another feasible method to decrease the sensitivity of EMs since smaller crystals contain less amount of defects and inclusions. , When reduced to nanoscale, these high explosives exhibit significantly lower sensitivity to exterior stimuli in comparison to larger particles. Considering that, combining cocrystallization and nanotechnology to fabricate nanoscale energetic cocrystals would be very attractive to tailor the performance of EMs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Yielding and Continuous Fabrication of Nanosized CL-20-Based Energetic Cocrystals via Electrospraying Deposition

Huang

Tian

et al. 2018

Crystal Growth & Design

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Energetic cocrystals, especially CL-20-based cocrystals, have attracted a wide range of attention due to their low sensitivity and impressive detonation performance. In this study, a series of nanosized CL-20-based energetic cocrystals were successfully fabricated by electrospray deposition. For CL-20/TNT nanococrystals, the influence of different solvents on the morphology and crystal structure of as-prepared cocrystals were investigated. The results showed that all the electrosprayed CL-20/TNT samples were partial formation of cocrystals and particles obtained from ketone had smaller size than those obtained from ethyl solvents. In contrast, electrosprayed CL-20/DNB nanococrystals had completely formed the cocrystal structure proved by DSC and PXRD. Moreover, the terahertz (THz) result confirmed the formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonds. Additionally, we have fabricated the CL-20/TNB cocrystals for the first time by using electrospray method. The PXRD and DSC results confirmed the formation of this novel energetic cocrystal. Expectedly, all the electrosprayed nanosized CL-20-based cocrystals exhibited visible reduced impact sensitivity compared with raw CL-20. The electrospray can thus offer a flexible and versatile approach for continuous and high-yielding synthesis of nanosized energetic cocrystals with preferable safety performance, and provide an efficient screening to quickly distinguish whether two energetic materials can form a cocrystal.

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Scale‐Up of a Crystallizer for Production of Nano‐Sized Energetic Materials

Cited by 6 publications

References 15 publications

Application of Nano‐Sized RDX in CMDB Propellant with High Solid Content

Application of Nano‐Sized RDX in CMDB Propellant with High Solid Content

Theoretical Study of the Scalability of a Sonicated Continuous Crystallizer for the Production of Aspirin

High-Yielding and Continuous Fabrication of Nanosized CL-20-Based Energetic Cocrystals via Electrospraying Deposition

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