Scaled‐up biotechnological production of individual betalains in a microbial system

Abstract

Summary The recent interest in plant pigment betalains as bioactive compounds and chemopreventive agents has led to the search for a reliable and scalable process to obtain them. The cloning of the novel and efficient enzyme 4,5‐DOPA‐extradiol dioxygenase from Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus in an expression vector, and the subsequent heterologous expression in Escherichia coli cultures has led to the start‐up of a biotechnological production system of individual pigments. The aim of this study was to search for the optimal conditions for the production of betalamic acid in microbial factories and the scaled‐up obtention of the derived pigments. Four different betaxanthins and two betacyanins were obtained after the addition of non‐transformable amines and amino acids and their condensation with the betalamic acid produced by the dioxygenase. The scaled‐up obtention and purification of betalains improved the yields of the previous methodologies reaching quantities by up to 150 mg of pure compounds.

Antitumoral Drug Potential of Tryptophan-Betaxanthin and Related Plant Betalains in the Caenorhabditis elegans Tumoral Model

“…Phenylethylamine-betaxanthin, indicaxanthin, phenylalanine-betaxanthin, and tryptophan-betaxanthin were obtained as immonium condensation products of betalamic acid with the amines 2-phenylethylamine, L-proline, L-phenylalanine, and L-tryptophan, respectively. Biotechnological production was carried out in microbial factories following the Guerrero-Rubio et al published method [ 11 ]. Briefly, betalamic acid was produced by a novel and efficient DODA enzyme and then condensed with amino acids and individual amines in bioreactors to obtain the derived betalains.…”

A metal-free blue chromophore derived from plant pigments

“…The product was isolated in 70% yield, which is three times higher than that reported for the semisynthesis of betalains (21,22). Betalamic acid can be extracted from base-hydrolyzed beetroot juice (20,23) or prepared by the enzymatic oxidation of l-dopa (24)(25)(26)(27).…”

Genomic adaptation of Pseudomonas strains to acidity and antibiotics in hydrothermal vents at Kolumbo submarine volcano, Greece

“…4.5%; Supplementary Table S4). The unique GCs for Aeruginosa group were related to functions of biotechnological importance, such as geraniol degradation 37 , central carbon metabolism in cancer 38 , betalain biosynthesis 39 , ferroptosis 40 , bisphenol degradation 41 , phenazine biosynthesis 42 and sphingolipid metabolism 43 .…”