SCALES on Keck: optical design

Kupke, Renate; Stelter, R. Deno; Hasan, Amirul; Surya, Arun; Kain, Isabel; Briesemeister, Zackery; Li, Jialin; Hinz, Philip; Skemer, Andrew J.; Gerard, Benjamin L.; Dillon, Daren; Ratliff, Christopher

doi:10.1117/12.2630642

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Low-spatial-frequency errors are deviations that span the entire surface of an optic, i.e. the lower-order Zernike terms, which reshape the core 3 SCALES accepts an f/35 beam from the Keck adaptive optics system, which then passes through the foreoptics and forms an image on the lenslet array. The tip-tilt mechanism steers the beam between the low-resolution IFU (where the beam passes through the lenslet array and into the spectrograph) and the medium-resolution IFU (where the beam passes through a small section of the lenslet array, is sent through a slicer, then is sent through the spectrograph).…”

Section: Characterization Of Diamond-turned Opticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bottom: OAP1.1 during warm testing, fixed to a low-stress mount designed and built at UCO. 2Labeled optical diagram of SCALES from Kupke et al 2022 3. SCALES accepts an f/35 beam from the Keck adaptive optics system, which then passes through the foreoptics and forms an image on the lenslet array.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The tip-tilt mechanism steers the beam between the low-resolution IFU (where the beam passes through the lenslet array and into the spectrograph) and the medium-resolution IFU (where the beam passes through a small section of the lenslet array, is sent through a slicer, then is sent through the spectrograph). The eight foreoptics, which are measured in this work, are outlined in blue 3. Surface form stability over one cryocycle of OAP1.1.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of diamond-turned optics for SCALES

Kain,

Hinz,

Doetz

et al. 2023

Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets XI

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High-contrast imaging has been used to discover and characterize dozens of exoplanets to date. The primary limiting performance factor for these instruments is contrast, the ratio of exoplanet to host star brightness that an instrument can successfully resolve. Contrast is largely determined by wavefront error, consisting of uncorrected atmospheric turbulence and optical aberrations downstream of AO correction. Single-point diamond turning allows for high-precision optics to be manufactured for use in astronomical instrumentation, presenting a cheaper and more versatile alternative to conventional glass polishing. This work presents measurements of wavefront error for diamond-turned aluminum optics in the Slicer Combined with an Array of Lenslets for Exoplanet Spectroscopy (SCALES) instrument, a 2-5 micron coronagraphic integral field spectrograph under construction for Keck Observatory. Wavefront error measurements for these optics are used to simulate SCALES' point spread function using physical optics propagation software poppy, showing that SCALES' contrast performance is not limited by wavefront error from internal instrument optics.

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Section: Characterization Of Diamond-turned Opticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Characterization of diamond-turned optics for SCALES

Kain,

Hinz,

Doetz

et al. 2023

Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets XI

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“…Many system level details of the IFS baseline instrument are covered in previous publications [11][12][13][14]. Full description of the optical design of the SCALES can be found in R. Kupke's paper (# 12184-159) appeared in the current proceedings [15]. In this paper, we present the imaging channel design which consists of four subsystems: Imager Optics, Imager Filter Wheel, Pupil Mask Rotator and H2RG Detector System.…”

Section: Instrument Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of an IR imaging channel for the Keck Observatory SCALES instrument

Banyal

Hasan

Kupke

et al. 2022

Advances in Optical and Mechanical Technologies for Telescopes and Instrumentation V

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A next-generation instrument named, Slicer Combined with Array of Lenslets for Exoplanet Spectroscopy (SCALES), is being planned for the W. M. Keck Observatory. SCALES will have an integral field spectrograph (IFS) and a diffraction-limited imaging channel to discover and spectrally characterize the directly imaged exoplanets. Operating at thermal infrared wavelengths (1-5 µm, and a goal of 0.6-5 µm), the imaging channel of the SCALES is designed to cover a 12 × 12 field of view with low distortions and high throughput. Apart from expanding the mid-infrared science cases and providing a potential upgrade/alternative for the NIRC2, the H2RG detector of the imaging channel can take high-resolution images of the pupil to aid the alignment process. Further, the imaging camera would also assist in small field acquisition for the IFS arm. In this work, we present the optomechanical design of the imager and evaluate its capabilities and performances.

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“…The full SCALES optical design, including performance modeling and analysis, manufacturing and alignment considerations can be found in this proceeding. 4 Furthermore, an overview of SCALES and current progress updates can also be found in the same proceeding.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of pupil masks for a new infrared exoplanet imager at Keck Observatory

Skemer

Kooten

et al. 2022

Adaptive Optics Systems VIII

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The Slicer Combined with Array of Lenslets for Exoplanet Spectroscopy (SCALES) is an instrument being designed to perform direct imaging of exoplanets in the mid-infrared (2-5 µm) with the Adaptive Optics System of W.M. Keck Observatory. To eliminate unwanted thermal infrared radiation, SCALES utilizes both a cold stop for excluding background radiation and a vector vortex coronagraph with Lyot stops for starlight suppression. Optimal geometric masks have been designed. We simulate the propagation of light through the Lyot plane and analyze the on-axis images of stars in the K, L, and M band for the performance of the Lyot stops. Additionally, finalized cold stop and Lyot stop designs are presented along with evaluations on the effects of manufacturing tolerances and tilt in pupil planes caused by off-axis parabolic mirror relays.

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SCALES on Keck: optical design

Cited by 6 publications

References 11 publications

Characterization of diamond-turned optics for SCALES

Characterization of diamond-turned optics for SCALES

Design of an IR imaging channel for the Keck Observatory SCALES instrument

Fabrication of pupil masks for a new infrared exoplanet imager at Keck Observatory

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