Scaleup tests and supporting research for the development of duct injection technology

Gooch, J.P.; Dismukes, E.B.; Dahlin, R.S.; Faulkner, M.G.; Klett, M.G.; Buchanan, T.L.; Hunt, Jennifer

doi:10.2172/5388579

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The type of additives investigated to date may be classified as deliquescent inorganic salts and related inorganic salts, sodium-containing basic compounds, organic compounds, or oxidation catalysts [124].…”

Section: The Use Of Additives To Enhance Reactivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Flue Gas Desulfurization for Acid Rain Control

Kadambi

Adler

Prudich

et al. 1998

Dry Scrubbing Technologies for Flue Gas Desulfurization

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This chapter is a reprint of a literature review prepared for the Ohio Coal Development Office by the Ohio Coal Research Consortium in 1990. It represents an assessment of the state of the art in flue gas desulfurization technologies at that time. It also served to motivate the work of the consortium starting in 1991, the results of which are presented in the following chapters.The discussion begins with a basic review of different technologies which are distinguished first by the amount of moisture in the sorbent feed and product, and second by the temperature range for the sorbent injection. The high temperature range corresponds to furnace injection; the medium temperature range corresponds to economizer injection; and the low temperature range corresponds to any system in place after the air heater. In each case, both process chemistry and contacting technologies are discussed. Low temperature technologies are further divided into duct injection, spray drying, capture in particulate control devices, and other special devices. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the fundamentals of sorbent and sorbent additive chemistry and the fluid mechanics, mass, and heat transfer.

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Section: The Use Of Additives To Enhance Reactivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The quality of sorbent material entrained in the gas stream is directly proportional to the amount of recycle, and thus represents an increased load to the particle collection device. A direct injection technology utilizing silica-enhanced Ca(OHh is being developed and is known as the ADVACATE process [124].…”

Section: Silicate Additivementioning

confidence: 99%

Flue Gas Desulfurization for Acid Rain Control

Kadambi

Adler

Prudich

et al. 1998

Dry Scrubbing Technologies for Flue Gas Desulfurization

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show abstract

“…The quality of sorbent material entrained in the gas stream is directly proportional to the amount of recycle, and thus, represents an increased load to the particle collection device. A direct injection technology utilizing silica enhanced Ca(OH)2 is being developed and is known as the ADVACATE process [Gooch et at., 1989].…”

Section: Silicate Additivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sorbent preparation/modification/additives. Final report, September 1, 1992--November 30, 1993

Prudich¹,

Venkataramakrishnan

1994

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Project Year #3 research work has included a model/paper study of the effects of chemical additives on the performance in spray drying and induct injection processes. A one-dimensional model formulated by the Energy and Environmental Research Corporation (EER, 1989) was selected as the basic vehicle for this study. The basic EER model was modified to allow for a range of additive effects. A brief experimental study was made in a effort to quantify the effects of both magnesium and "inert" contents on the low temperature dry capture effectiveness of hydrated lime. The results of this experimental study were inconclusive. High Temperature Studies. Cole et al. [1986], using an isothermal reactor at 2000°F, Ca/S=2, and 2000 ppm SO2 showed that calcitic hydrates were more reactive that calcitic carbonates. They attributed this observation to a combination of three reasons: (1) Dehydration occurs much more rapidly than CO2 evolution, therefore the time available for sulfation after the calcination process is significantly greater for hydrates than for carbonates, (2) hydrates begin with a much higher initial surface area, and (3) the dehydration process generally produces a reduction in the mean particle size of the sorbent thereby reducing the internal diffusion resistance to SO= diffusion. Between the two types of calcium-based sorbents generally used in in-furnace injection, it is well documented that CaO derived from Ca(OH)= (h-CaO) is more 1-1 reactive than CaO derived from CaC03 (c-CaO) [Silcox et al., 1987]. This is attributed in part to the smaller particle size of h-CaO, and more importantly, to the pore structure of the CaO produced. The h-CaO has a slit or plate-like structure while the structure of c-CaO is in the form of cylindrical pores (or spherical grains). The platelike structure retains its porosity to a greater extent by allowing for particle expansion [Gullett and Bruce, 1987], and results in higher rates of diffusion of the reactant through the product layer [Bruce et al., 1989]. 1.2.2 Calcium/Maqnesium R,,.atio High Temperature Studies. Snow et al. [1986], injecting sorbents into a flue gas stream produced by the combustion of Pittsburgh No. 8 coal (injection temperature = 2210°F; quench rate = 468°F/s; average residence time at reaction temperature = 1.3 s; Ca/S mole ratio = 2; 1900 ppm S02) found that sorbent SO2 capture reactivity varied in the order dolomitic hydrates > calcitic hydrates > carbonates (based on equal molar Ca/S ratios). However, for a given sorbent type there was no clear correlation between physical properties (BET surface area, mass mean particle size, elemental stoichiometry) and SO2 capture performance. A summary of their data is given in Table 1-1. Teixeira et al. [1986], testing sorbents for S02 removal from flue gases generated by burning low-sulfur Western coals (injection temperature = 2000°F; average residence time = 0.33 s; 500 ppm S02) also found that SO 2 capture reactivity varied in the order dolomitic hydrates > calcitic hydrates > carbonates. This observation w...

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Scaleup tests and supporting research for the development of duct injection technology

Cited by 2 publications

References 2 publications

Flue Gas Desulfurization for Acid Rain Control

Flue Gas Desulfurization for Acid Rain Control

Sorbent preparation/modification/additives. Final report, September 1, 1992--November 30, 1993

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