Scaling behavior and morphology evolution of CH₃NH₃PbI₃perovskite thin films grown by thermal evaporation

Surface Dynamics Transition of Vacuum Vapor Deposited CH3NH3PbI3 Perovskite Thin Films

“…This may indicate weak anomalous scaling, where the local slope is no longer timeindependent for short range of and corresponding growth is not stationary. This supports the nonstationary growth behavior of short range ( ) as revealed in [11]. We note that the interface width decreases with time at early growth time.…”

“…We have plotted 2D fast Fourier transform (FFT) of the surface from the AFM images (Figures 3(a)-3(d)), and the formation of the mound at the initial film growth stage is supported by the ring-like behavior in the 2D FFT of the film for growth time of less than 200 s (Figure 3(a)). Furthermore, the mound surface is supported by the ( , ) curves displaying an overshoot in the crossover [15] and by the oscillation in larger as shown in the curves of < 200 s in [11]. Hence, the growth of MAPbI 3 film at the first stage is more likely to be governed by SEB induced mound growth model.…”

“…For the calculated results of and and scaling exponents ∼ 0.83, = 0.28 ± 0.02, and 1/ = 0.26 ± 0.04, refer to [11]. Figure 2 shows the roughness exponent as a function of growth time .…”

“…We have reported the scaling behavior and related physical growth dynamics of MAPbI 3 perovskite thin films on smooth Si substrates [11]. However, practical applications of devices require the perovskite thin films to be deposited on a wide variety of substrates.…”

Roughness and Correlations in the Transition from Island to Film Growth: Simulations and Application to CdTe Deposition

“…This approach helps to infer the main physical pro-cesses that control the growth and was already applied to deposits of various materials [15][16][17]. Several works have also investigated the scaling of surface fluctuations and correlations in the initial stages of heteroepitaxial film deposition [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31]. Their results cannot be interpreted in the light of kinetic roughening theories because the deposits are mostly formed by isolated islands, so that height fluctuations and correlations are related to island widths, heights, and surface density.…”