Scaling Methods for Earthquake Response Spectra

Nau, James M.; Hall, William J.

doi:10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(1984)110:7(1533)

Cited by 103 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…It provides an accurate estimate in the median value of the engineering demand parameters (EDPs), and minimizes the record-to-record variations in the EDP magnitudes. Scaling ground motions to match a target value of peak ground acceleration (PGA) is the earliest approach to the problem, which produces inaccurate estimates with large dispersion in EDP values [23][24][25][26]. Other scalar intensity measures (IMs) such as: effective peak acceleration, Arias intensity and effective peak velocity have also been found to be inaccurate and inefficient [27].…”

Section: Scaling Ground Motionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Including a vibration property of the structure led to improved methods to scale ground motions, e.g., scaling records to a target value of the elastic spectral acceleration, from the codebased design spectrum or (Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis) PSHA-based uniform hazard spectrum at the fundamental vibration period of the structure, T 1 , provides improved results for structures whose response is dominated by their first-mode [23]. However, this scaling procedure becomes less accurate and less efficient for structures responding significantly in their higher vibration modes or far into the inelastic range [29][30][31].…”

Section: Tab 1 Twelve Selected Recordsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ground Motion Selection and Scaling in Practice

Najafi

Tehranizadeh

2015

Period. Polytech. Civil Eng.

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IntroductionSeismic provisions in current building codes and standards include rules for design of structures using nonlinear response history analysis in some conditions. Due to the lack of recorded data for the design level earthquakes (which are usually rare events), it is critical to develop systematic methods and useful tools to select and modify from current ground motion databases to provide a group of earthquake motions that can realistically represent important aspects of the design motion controlling the nonlinear response of civil engineering facilities [1]. The best method for selecting and scaling ground motions will depend on the type of assessment being performed. ATC-58-1 identifies three types of performance assessment: intensity, scenario, and time-based. Intensity-based assessments are the most common of the three types and compute the response of a building and its components for a specified intensity of ground shaking (this approach is the focus of this paper). A scenario-based assessment computes the response of a building to a user specified earthquake event, which is typically defined by earthquake magnitude and the distance between the earthquake source and the building site. A risk-based (referred to as time-based assessment in ATC-58-1) assessment provides information on response over a period of time (e.g., annual rates). This is the most comprehensive type of assessment and involves a number of intensity-based assessments over the range of ground motion levels of interest [2]. Despite the scenario-based assessment which computes the response of a building based on a specific earthquake event, intensity and time-based assessments have been conducted subjecting to a group of records. Time-based assessment acquires information of all occurred earthquakes which have been utilized to adjust hazard curve of the assessed region; so, as much as records could be provided, the confidence level will promote, so many researchers attempts to enlarge records category to reduce record-by-record variations incorporated in this type of assessment. However, intensity-based assessment deal with number of records represented by intensity measures (IM), like peak ground acceleration, spectral acceleration on fundamental period of the model or etc., which are scaled associated to the intensity assumed target spectrum. Therefore, although enlarge-

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Section: Scaling Ground Motionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tab 1 Twelve Selected Recordsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ground Motion Selection and Scaling in Practice

Najafi

Tehranizadeh

2015

Period. Polytech. Civil Eng.

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“…The behavior is actually nonlinear in view of the responses depicted in Figure 3, where, the superposition principle [18] is violated. Implementing the average acceleration time integration [19], integration step sizes equal to the steps of the ground motion's record, the fractional time stepping nonlinearity solution method [20][21][22], and nonlinearity iterations over displacements, considering Figure 2 and Table 1, (b) the system introduced in Figure 2 and Table 1 after dividing the excitation to ten.…”

Section: Numerical Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

From the Notions of Nonlinearity Tolerances Towards a Deficiency in Commercial Transient Analysis Softwares and Its Solution

Soroushian¹,

Wriggers²,

Farjoodi³

2015

Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering (COM

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“…These can be divided into two categories: scaling methods based on response quantities and scaling methods based on ground motion data [106].…”

Section: Methods For Scaling Seismic Recordsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is even more pronounced when damage from two far-fault and near-fault earthquake records with the same PGA are being compared. The earthquake damage potential is poorly indicated by the ground motion maxima [106] as a single indicator. Researchers such as Nau and Hall [106] have shown this by presenting the scattered response resulted from PGA scaled records.…”

Section: Scaling Methods Based On Ground Motion Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Seismic damage assessment and FRP retrofit of reinforced concrete structures

Cao¹

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Only a small percentage of existing buildings around the world have been designed and constructed based on modern seismic codes. Majority of these buildings were designed and built based on older codes and thus are now identified as potentially hazardous due to more stringent seismic requirements of newer seismic standards. Consequently, these structures are vulnerable to earthquakes as has become evident in the recent earthquake events. Mitigating the seismic hazards for these deficient structures, instead of replacement, has been increasingly looked at by the engineering community due to obvious economic reasons.An important first step towards this mitigation is called "Damage Assessment". Damage Assessment by definition is the evaluation of potential damage in a particular structure in a seismic event. There exist many indices such as drift based on which the extent of potential damage in a building can be described. Choosing the right index and understanding how a particular index would correlate with the seismic parameters or how sensitive it would be to a particular seismic event is quite important. Many structures, for example, are structurally sound under far fault earthquakes but may suffer from extensive damage if a near fault earthquake occurs.While many studies have been undertaken in the past towards methods of analysis that best simulate the damage and on the development of indices that better represent it, the efforts are isolated and in some instances contradictory. The current study thus attempts to address the gaps in the state of the art and presents a coherent and consistent understanding of the issue together with the introduction of a couple of damage mitigation methods.The main achievements of this thesis are as follows:A simplified model for inelastic analysis of RC structures subjected to earthquakes is developed.A new damage model that appropriately assesses the damage of RC structures is proposed. This new damage model is based on the single parameter of energy which naturally overrides and implicitly incorporates a number of parameters such as force, deformation and number of cycles.Damage assessment in RC structures using the new damage model is performed.Correlation between seismic parameters and damage indices of structures is investigated.A new definition for near-fault earthquakes is developed and regions with different damage potential are established.

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Scaling Methods for Earthquake Response Spectra

Cited by 103 publications

References 7 publications

Ground Motion Selection and Scaling in Practice

Ground Motion Selection and Scaling in Practice

From the Notions of Nonlinearity Tolerances Towards a Deficiency in Commercial Transient Analysis Softwares and Its Solution

Seismic damage assessment and FRP retrofit of reinforced concrete structures

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