Scaling properties of fracture surfaces on glass strengthened by ionic exchange

Microstructural and mechanical changes by chemical ageing of glazed ceramic surfaces

“…increase in Lc) can be related to the large amount of sodium ions that are easily exchanged with the potassium ones which are present in the alkaline solution. 23 The larger dimension of the potassium ions causes an expansion of the soda-lime glass network of the sub-surface layer, constrained by the bulk material below. As a consequence, a surface layer, about 100 m in thickness, is subjected to a compression stress field.…”

Influence of Acid Frosting on the Microstructure Characteristics and Mechanical Strength of Eroded Soda-Lime-Silica Glasses by Sandstorm

“…Soda-lime-silica glass otherwise known as commercial glass is the most commonly used glasses which constitute over 70% of world's glass products due to their ease of production, low cost and broad area of applications such as buildings, automobiles, domestic vessels, headlamps, solar panels protective glass, drinks and beverages containers. In theory, glass is a very strong but brittle material with a theoretical strength value of about 7GPa but in service applications the actual strength value is far lower, failing around 100 MPa (Garza-Mendez et al, 2007). This wide margin observed between the estimated theoretical strength of glass and its actual strength in service has been attributed to various surface flaws, defects and micro-cracks inherent within the glass matrix (Macrell, 2001;Green et al, 2003).…”