Scaling up from protected areas in England: The value of establishing large conservation areas

Shwartz, Assaf; Davies, Zoe G.; Macgregor, Nicholas A.; Crick, Humphrey Q. P.; Clarke, D.; Eigenbrod, Felix; Gonner, Catherine; Hill, Chris; Knight, Andrew T.; Metcalfe, Kristian; Osborne, Patrick E.; Phalan, Ben; Smith, Robert J.

doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2017.06.016

Cited by 20 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Conservation has therefore increasingly sought to 'scale up' action and secure larger areas for wildlife protection, reaching out beyond protected areas in large-scale conservation or restoration initiatives that connect public reserves with private landholdings. Such initiatives are variously referred to as 'landscape scale conservation' (Da Fonseca et al, 2005), 'broad-extent conservation programmes' (Beever et al, 2014), 'multi-tenure reserve networks' (Fitzsimons and Wescott, 2005), largescale conservation networks (Fitzsimons et al, 2013), or 'large-scale conservation areas' or 'networks' (Eigenbrod et al, 2017;Fitzsimons et al, 2013).…”

Section: Land Sharingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographies of conservation III: Nature’s spaces

Adams

2019

Progress in Human Geography

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There is a rich literature by geographers on the spatial imagination and ambition of conservation, and particularly the long-established strategy of creating protected areas such as national parks. This report highlights five ways in which the spatial ambitions, imaginations and practices of conservation are changing. First, appetite for the expansion of protected areas continues to grow, with proposals for marine reserves and up to half of the earth under protection. Second, substantial intensification of agriculture is proposed to free up land for such expansion, a policy of land sparing. Third, areas being protected are increasingly privately owned, and conservation is serving as a powerful form of legitimization of large-scale private landholding. Fourth, in many countries conservation management is being extended beyond formal protected areas in mosaics of public, private and community land. Fifth, the political and material technologies used to secure conservation territories, like the extension of these territories themselves, raise urgent political ecological questions. Conservation governance physically marks spaces for nature, but also constructs and polices ideas about both nature and society in profound ways, which often go unremarked by conservationists themselves.

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Section: Land Sharingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographies of conservation III: Nature’s spaces

Adams

2019

Progress in Human Geography

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“…Many countries still have substantial areas of natural or semi‐natural habitats where modest actions could improve their contribution to species conservation (Sutherland, Dicks, Ockendon, Petrovan, & Smith, ). However, in highly fragmented landscapes where network resilience needs to be re‐built, it will be necessary to create new habitat (Shwartz et al., ).…”

Section: Resilient Ecological Network In Practicementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In practice, plausible actions are limited to lower levels of organisation than the network itself: sites are areas wherein conservation is practiced, and the level at which actions are easiest to define (Hodgson et al, 2011;Lawton et al, 2010); conservation outcomes are generally measured in terms of species' status. where network resilience needs to be re-built, it will be necessary to create new habitat (Shwartz et al, 2017).…”

Section: Plausible Actions To Improve Resiliencementioning

confidence: 99%

Defining and delivering resilient ecological networks: Nature conservation in England

Isaac

Brotherton

Bullock

et al. 2018

Journal of Applied Ecology

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Planning for nature conservation has increasingly emphasised the concepts of resilience and spatial networks. Although the importance of habitat networks for individual species is clear, their significance for long‐term ecological resilience and multi‐species conservation strategies is less established. Referencing spatial network theory, we describe the conceptual basis for defining and assessing a network of wildlife areas that supports species’ resilience to multiple forms of perturbations and pressures. We explore actions that could enhance network resilience at a range of scales, based on ecological principles, with reference to four well‐established strategies for intervention in a spatial network (“Better, Bigger, More and Joined”) from the influential Making Space for Nature report by Lawton et al. (). Building existing theory into useable and scalable approaches applicable to large numbers of species is challenging but tractable. We illustrate the policy context, describe the elements of a long‐term adaptive management plan and provide example actions, metrics and targets for early implementation using England as a case study, where there is an opportunity to include large‐scale ecological planning in a newly launched 25‐year environment plan. Policy implications. The concept of resilient ecological networks has attracted scientific and political support, but there is no consensus on what a resilient network would look like, or how to assess it. Therefore, it is unclear whether existing targets for action will be sufficient to achieve network resilience. We show that the scientific principles to place resilience and network theory at the heart of large‐scale and long‐term environmental planning are established and ready to implement in practice. Delivering a resilient network to support nature recovery is achievable and can be integrated with ongoing conservation actions and targets, by assessing their effectiveness on properties of the entire network. England's 25 Year Environment Plan promises to deliver a natural environment that is protected and enhanced for the future and so provides the ideal testbed.

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“…Then, the value of L was mainly determined by the available land volume, L1, and the value of M was mainly determined by M1, or the pending development zones. Through the above analysis, the model was adjusted to give Equation (11).…”

Section: Statistical Analysis and Optimization Of M-mszmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The comparison of spatial zoning among German, France, the United Kingdom, the United States, Japan, and China[2][3][4]6,7,[10][11][12]97,98].…”

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confidence: 99%

A Spatial Zoning Model of Municipal Administrative Areas Based on Major Function-Oriented Zones

Zhao

Sun

et al. 2018

Sustainability

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The multi planning contradictions and maladjustment of spatial management that evolved from an unbalanced development are becoming increasingly serious in China; therefore, it is imperative to know how to coordinate spatial planning. The scientific division of spatial unit attributes and the identification of ecological–agricultural production–living spaces (EPLs) have become the key scientific problems of this period. The existing urban structure zoning model, the urban growth boundary model, and the function-oriented zoning model show three main shortcomings: the difficult data acquisition and the large limitation of the application because of their high requirements of the related parameters, strong subjective weight setting, and lack of comprehensive zoning in the EPLs practice. This paper builds a quantitative and easily operated model for the spatial zoning of municipal administrative areas (MAA) based on the existing spatial equilibrium model for regional development. Three representative cities in China were modeled empirically with this model and the results were compared with those obtained by the existing models. We investigated the image consistency of this model to the three existing models where the Kappa values were 85.9%, 88.2%, and 85.2%, respectively, with an average of 86.4%. This showed that the model could reduce the data limitation and expand the scope of the application while ensuring the accuracy of the model’s analysis results. Meanwhile, the EPLs zoning was clearer, which made the spatial plan coordination more efficient and scientific. Overall, this model could not only solve the problem of the EPLs zoning and spatial plan coordination in MAA, but also guide urban land use planning from two dimensions of space and time and effectively promote the coordination and sustainable development of spatial planning.

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Scaling up from protected areas in England: The value of establishing large conservation areas

Abstract: The version in the Kent Academic Repository may differ from the final published version. Users are advised to check http://kar.kent.ac.uk for the status of the paper. Users should always cite the published version of record.

Cited by 20 publications

References 36 publications

Geographies of conservation III: Nature’s spaces

Geographies of conservation III: Nature’s spaces

Defining and delivering resilient ecological networks: Nature conservation in England

A Spatial Zoning Model of Municipal Administrative Areas Based on Major Function-Oriented Zones

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