Scaling up movements: from individual space use to population patterns

Allen, Andrew M.; Månsson, Johan; Sand, Håkan; Malmsten, Jonas; Ericsson, Göran; Singh, Navinder J.

doi:10.1002/ecs2.1524

Cited by 45 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…tree height  1 m does not allow moose to hide from wolf. Further, all plantations were at least three kilometers apart, reflecting the average radius of a moose home range (Allen et al 2016), to maximize the likelihood that plantations were visited by different moose individuals.…”

Section: Study Design -Comparing Areas With Different Levels Of Predamentioning

confidence: 99%

Does wolf presence reduce moose browsing intensity in young forest plantations?

et al. 2018

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Large carnivores can be a key factor in shaping their ungulate prey's behavior, which may affect lower trophic levels. While most studies on trade-offs between food acquisition and risk avoidance by ungulate prey species have been conducted in areas with limited human impact, carnivores are now increasingly returning to highly anthropogenic landscapes. Many of these landscapes are dominated by forestry, and ungulateforestry conflicts are an increasing issue. The aim of this study was to test if the indirect effects of a re-colonizing large predator, the wolf Canis lupus, results in a change in browsing intensity by moose Alces alces in young forest plantations in a boreal forest in Sweden. We selected 24 different forest plantations, with 12 located in low-wolf and 12 in high-wolf utilization areas. In each plantation, we measured browsing intensity, tree height, tree density, distance to the closest forest edge and we counted the number of moose pellet groups. In contrast to our predictions, wolf utilization was not the main driver of moose browsing patterns. Instead, moose browsing intensity declined with tree density and height. Separate analyses on the main tree species showed that wolf utilization had an influence, but browsing intensity was in fact higher in the high-wolf utilization areas for three out of five tree species. This pattern seemed to be driven by a strong confounding relationship between wolf utilization, tree density and height, which were both lower in the high-wolf utilization areas. We argue that this confounding effect is due to wolves being pushed towards the less productive parts of the landscape away from human activity centers. Therefore, we concluded that in order to better understand carnivore driven risk-mediated effects on herbivore behavior in anthropogenic landscapes we need to better understand the complexity of humancarnivore-prey-ecosystem interactions.

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Section: Study Design -Comparing Areas With Different Levels Of Predamentioning

confidence: 99%

Does wolf presence reduce moose browsing intensity in young forest plantations?

et al. 2018

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“…This decline is thought to be associated with climate change [22] and human disturbance [20], both of which fundamentally impact moose habitat and diet. Moose have different ways of adapting to heterogeneous environments, such as seasonal diet alterations [23], changes to metabolism [24], and variation not only in migratory strategies, but also in home ranges [25]. There is, however, limited knowledge on their macro-nutritional strategy at a regional scale and on how this herbivore adapts to heterogeneous environments at a local scale.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macro-Nutritional Adaptive Strategies of Moose (Alces alces) Related to Population Density

Bao

Bencini

et al. 2019

Animals

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The distribution area of moose in China has been shrinking back toward the north and northeast because of climate change and human disturbance, and the population number has been declining. Between 2011 and 2015, we studied moose at six sites in the northeast of China during the snowy seasons. We collected fecal samples and plant samples that were used to estimate population densities for moose, as well as their macro-nutrient selection. Out of a total of 257 fecal samples collected at six sites, we identified a total of 120 individual moose (57 females and 63 males). The population density (moose/km2 ± SE) was highest at Hanma with 0.305 ± 0.064 moose/km2 and lowest at Meitian with only 0.028 ± 0.013 moose/km2. Forage availability was different among sites, with the lowest availability at Mohe (58.17 number/20 m2) and highest was Zhanhe (250.44 number/20 m2). Moose at Zhanhe, Hanma, and Nanwenghe had a balanced diet with higher N:C (1:7), while at Meitian, Shuanghe and Mohe the N:C was 1:8. Our results indicate that the southern areas had low forage quality and quantity and this may be the reason for the distribution of the population of moose shrinking northward.

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“…Based on an average home range size with a radius of 1.83 km (southern Sweden), see[35] 2. Temperature based on[25].https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225990.t001Stress correlates in moose PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225990 January 13, 2020 6 / 13…”

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confidence: 99%

Large-scale spatial variation of chronic stress signals in moose

et al. 2020

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The physiological effects of short-term stress responses typically lead to increased individual survival as it prepares the body for fight or flight through catabolic reactions in the body. These physiological effects trade off against growth, immunocompetence, reproduction, and even long-term survival. Chronic stress may thus reduce individual and population performance, with direct implications for the management and conservation of wildlife populations. Yet, relatively little is known about how chronic stress levels vary across wild populations and factors contributing to increased chronic stress levels. One method to measure long-term stress in mammals is to quantify slowly incorporated stress hormone (cortisol) in hair, which most likely reflect a long-term average of the stress responses. In this study, we sampled 237 harvested moose Alces alces across Sweden to determine the relative effect of landscape variables and disturbances on moose hair cortisol levels. We used linear model combinations and Akaike's Information Criterion (corrected for small sample sizes), and included variables related to human disturbance, ungulate competition, large carnivore density, and ambient temperature to estimate the covariates that best explained the variance in stress levels in moose. The most important variables explaining the variation in hair cortisol levels in moose were the long-term average temperature sum in the area moose lived and the distance to occupied wolf territory; higher hair cortisol levels were detected where temperatures were higher and closer to occupied wolf territories, respectively. OPEN ACCESSCitation: Spong G, Gould NP, Sahlén E, Cromsigt JPGM, Kindberg J, DePerno CS (2020) Large-scale spatial variation of chronic stress signals in moose. PLoS ONE 15(1): e0225990. https://doi.org/ 10.

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Scaling up movements: from individual space use to population patterns

Cited by 45 publications

References 61 publications

Does wolf presence reduce moose browsing intensity in young forest plantations?

Does wolf presence reduce moose browsing intensity in young forest plantations?

Macro-Nutritional Adaptive Strategies of Moose (Alces alces) Related to Population Density

Large-scale spatial variation of chronic stress signals in moose

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