Scaling up: Stable isotope evidence for the intensification of animal husbandry in Bronze-Iron Age Lika, Croatia

Zavodny, Emily; McClure, Sarah B.; Welker, Martin; Culleton, Brendan J.; Balen, Jacqueline; Kennett, Douglas J.

doi:10.1016/j.jasrep.2018.10.008

Cited by 6 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Overall, there was limited within and between species variation. Both wild and domesticated animals produced isotope compositions consistent with herbivores in a C 3 terrestrial environment with δ 13 C col values between −21.8 and −18.8‰ and δ 15 N values between +3.2 and +7.9‰, comparable with Zavodny et al (2019). Likewise, there was no significant difference among wild versus domesticated species to indicate that human management strategies including fodder over natural grazing.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Bi‐plot of δ 13 C col and δ 15 N comparing average and standard deviation of Nadin‐Gradina (this study) and other regional sites (Nadin‐Gradina, Dragišić, and Zadar Relja, Lightfoot et al, 2012; Lika inland, Zavodny et al, 2019; Krizna gora and Dolge Njive, Nicholls, 2017) [Colour figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“… a These include Kompolje, Konjsko, Mala Metaljka, Plešina Glavica, Prozor, Smiljan, Skradnik‐Sultanov Grob, and Trošmarija (Zavodny et al, 2019). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Liburnian lunches: New stable isotope data for the Iron Age community of Nadin‐Gradina, Croatia

Toyne

Čelhar

Nystrom

2021

Intl J of Osteoarchaeology

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The Iron Age in Central Europe is defined as a transformative time in local populations' lives including dietary patterns. Stable isotope analysis has become a valuable tool for investigating paleodietary and paleomobility patterns in ancient societies using samples of human and animal skeletal remains from individual burials. This is an isotopic study of collagen and apatite from Iron Age Liburian burials seventh to first century BC from Nadin-Gradina, Croatia. Sixty human samples include 40 teeth and 20 bones. Fifteen individuals with paired tissues (teeth and bone) are used to explore differences between early and later life isotope compositions.Zooarchaeological remains from the site help approximate local dietary baselines of domesticated and hunted animal sources (n = 22 bones). Samples produced excellent collagen and uncontaminated carbonate yields to measure isotope ratios of carbon ( 13 C/ 12 C) and nitrogen ( 15 N/ 14 N). Overall, the dietary indicators are quite uniform, δ 13 C average À19.1 ± 0.6‰ and δ 15 N average +9.8 ± 0.6‰ for bone and almost identical values for sectioned crown and root tooth dentin. This suggests a consistent lifetime diet with strong reliance on C 3 plants such as wheat, oats, and other vegetables and that there was a moderate amount of animal protein, but unlikely including marine sources. This isotopically homogeneous dataset suggests that Iron Age hillforts and agricultural settlements in this region had relatively stable diets that were distinct compared with other nearby inland sites where millet was more prevalent. This research expands our understanding of a shift toward more localized subsistence strategies in the region and Nadin-Gradina itself.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Liburnian lunches: New stable isotope data for the Iron Age community of Nadin‐Gradina, Croatia

Toyne

Čelhar

Nystrom

2021

Intl J of Osteoarchaeology

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“…In the Moche Valley, agricultural intensification encouraged settlement along the rocky hill bases and slopes of the middle valley (Billman, ), and perhaps the pasturage of camelids in the rugged uplands, in order to maximize access to fertile farmland on the valley floor. Bronze and Iron Age farmers in the mountainous regions of Lika, Croatia, similarly chose to pasture their livestock on mountain slopes and upland pasture at greater distance from residential bases in order to dedicate high quality valley bottom fields to agriculture (Zavodny et al, in press). At Cerro Oreja, population growth was accommodated through the construction of densely packed habitation terraces up steep, rocky slopes rather than down onto the valley floor (Billman, ) and, as at Kulubnarti, exposed those traversing the rocky terrain (Figure ) to and from their nearby fields to a heightened risk of sprains and long bone fractures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting traumatic injury risk and agricultural intensification: Postcranial fracture frequency at Cerro Oreja in the Moche Valley of north coastal Peru

Lambert

Welker

2019

American J Phys Anthropol

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Objectives: In Lambert and Welker (2017) we explored the association between subsistence economy and postcranial fracture prevalence, finding that low-intensity agriculturalists exhibited significantly lower fracture rates than foragers or high-intensity agriculturalists. Here, we explore the impacts of sampling strategy on fracture rates in a sample of high-intensity agriculturalists from the Moche Valley, Peru, and further test the hypothesis that postcranial fracture risks are higher for intensive agriculture. Materials and methods: The long bones and clavicles of 102 individuals from an Early Intermediate Period cemetery (400 B.C.-A.D. 200) at Cerro Oreja were examined for healed fractures.Sample composition was manipulated in six ways to investigate the effects of age and element completeness on estimates of fracture prevalence. Fracture rates at Cerro Oreja were then compared to those for other high-intensity agriculturalists.Results: Both skeletal element completeness and age composition were found to influence fracture rate estimates, reflecting the greater likelihood of identifying healed fractures on betterpreserved bones and the accrual of injuries with age. The fracture rate of 3.4% at Cerro Oreja was the median value among seven high-intensity agriculturalist samples. The fracture distribution at Cerro Oreja was most similar to that observed at Kulubnarti, Sudan (Kilgore et al., 1997).Discussion: Skeletal element completeness and age composition can impact fracture rates estimated for skeletal samples and should be considered when conducting comparative analyses.All rates calculated for Cerro Oreja are within the range of those obtained for other highintensity agriculturalists and support previous findings that traumatic injury risk is higher for high-intensity agriculturalists. Similarities between Cerro Oreja and Kulubnarti suggest that rugged terrain may exacerbate fracture risk for agriculturalists, illustrating the costs of intensive agriculture in suboptimal environments. K E Y W O R D S agricultural intensification, bioarchaeology, injury risk, Peru, postcranial fractures

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“…The Bronze Age also sees the intensification and diversification of agricultural practices, with the development of new tools and production techniques, as well as an increase in wool production and intensified animal management (Kroll 1990;Medović 2002;Gyulai 2010;Bökönyi 1971;Sabatini, Bergerbrant, and Brandt 2019;Zavodny et al 2019). In the river lowlands of northern Italy and the southern and western edges of the Pannonian plain (extending roughly between Vienna (Austria) in the northwest, Košice (Slovakia) in the northeast, Zagreb (Croatia) in the southwest, Novi Sad (Serbia) in the south and Satu Mare (Romania) in the east) the archaeobotanical evidence is relatively patchy (Benac 1951;Bandini Mazzanti, Mercuri, and Barbi 1996;Castelletti and Montella de Carlo 1998;Castelletti 1972;Costantini and Costantini Biasini 2007;Culiberg and Šercelj 1995;Follieri 1981;Giachi et al 2010;Hänsel, Mihovilić, and Teržan 1997;Heiss 2008Heiss , 2010Kroll and Borojević 1988;Kroll and Reed 2016;Mariotti Lippi et al 2009;Medović 2002Medović , 2012Mercuri et al 2006;Pals and Voorrips 1979;Rottoli 1997;Reed 2013;Schmidl and Oeggl 2005;Šoštarić 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

House of Plenty: Reassessing Food and Farming in Late Bronze Age Croatia

Reed

Kudelić

Essert

et al. 2021

Environmental Archaeology

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Bronze Age agriculture in Europe is marked by the adoption of new crops, such as broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum), broad bean (Vicia faba) and gold-of-pleasure (Camelina sativa). Yet, at a regional level, it is sometimes unclear when, where and why these crops are adopted and whether they were all adopted at the same time. Croatia is one such region where archaeobotanical research is limited, making it difficult to discuss Bronze Age agriculture and diet in more detail. The discovery of a burnt-down house with crop stores at Kalnik-Igrišče provides a unique archaeobotanical assemblage and snapshot of late Bronze Age agriculture (1000-800 BC). From the carbonised plant remains discovered at Kalnik-Igrišče we see a dominance in the crops broomcorn millet, barley (Hordeum vulgare), free-threshing wheat (Triticum aestivum/durum/turgidum) and broad bean. Emmer (Triticum dicoccum), spelt (Triticum spelta), and lentil (Lens culinaris) were also found, suggesting they were probably minor crops, while spatial analysis indicates distinct crop storage areas within the building. Overall, these finds support the adoption and integration of these new crops within northern Croatia by the late Bronze Age, while highlighting implications for seasonal strategies, risk management, and cultural dietary choice.

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Scaling up: Stable isotope evidence for the intensification of animal husbandry in Bronze-Iron Age Lika, Croatia

Cited by 6 publications

References 58 publications

Liburnian lunches: New stable isotope data for the Iron Age community of Nadin‐Gradina, Croatia

Liburnian lunches: New stable isotope data for the Iron Age community of Nadin‐Gradina, Croatia

Revisiting traumatic injury risk and agricultural intensification: Postcranial fracture frequency at Cerro Oreja in the Moche Valley of north coastal Peru

House of Plenty: Reassessing Food and Farming in Late Bronze Age Croatia

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