Scaling-up the Calcium-Looping Process for CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; Capture and Energy Storage

Ortíz, C.; Chacartegui, Ricardo; Pérez‐Maqueda, Luis A.; Giménez-Gavarrell, Pau

doi:10.14356/kona.2021005

Cited by 44 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 117 publications

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“…This impact becomes less prominent for xcarb values > 0.5. It is important to mention that the relevance of the material conversion for process performance has previously been identified by several groups [17,46], although not for a TCES-CCS combined system and not in terms of economic performance. Although im- It is important to mention that the relevance of the material conversion for process performance has previously been identified by several groups [17,46], although not for a TCES-CCS combined system and not in terms of economic performance.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Note that the impact of process size on the results has been evaluated and, thus, the net instantaneous power input is varied from 50 MW to 1000 MW. Furthermore, since it is often reported as a crucial limiting performance parameter [17,28], the effect of the degree of conversion of the solids in the carbonator is also investigated.…”

Section: Mass and Energy Balancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A review of the technical implications of scale-up of the CaL process for both CO 2 capture and TCES applications has recently been published by Ortiz et al [17], including an analysis of different gas-solids reactor systems. Moreover, Ortiz et al [15] have published an in-depth review of the different process schemes, conditions, and materials that are advantageous for the operation of the TCES-CSP application.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Techno-Economic Assessment of Calcium Looping for Thermochemical Energy Storage with CO2 Capture

et al. 2021

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The cyclic carbonation-calcination of CaCO3 in fluidized bed reactors not only offers a possibility for CO2 capture but can at the same time be implemented for thermochemical energy storage (TCES), a feature which will play an important role in a future that has an increasing share of non-dispatchable variable electricity generation (e.g., from wind and solar power). This paper provides a techno-economic assessment of an industrial-scale calcium looping (CaL) process with simultaneous TCES and CO2 capture. The process is assumed to make profit by selling dispatchable electricity and by providing CO2 capture services to a certain nearby emitter (i.e., transport and storage of CO2 are not accounted). Thus, the process is connected to two other facilities located nearby: a renewable non-dispatchable energy source that charges the storage and a plant from which the CO2 in its flue gas flow is captured while discharging the storage and producing dispatchable electricity. The process, which offers the possibility of long-term storage at ambient temperature without any significant energy loss, is herein sized for a given daily energy input under certain boundary conditions, which mandate that the charging section runs steadily for one 12-h period per day and that the discharging section can provide a steady output during 24 h per day. Intercoupled mass and energy balances of the process are computed for the different process elements, followed by the sizing of the main process equipment, after which the economics of the process are computed through cost functions widely used and validated in literature. The economic viability of the process is assessed through the breakeven electricity price (BESP), payback period (PBP), and as cost per ton of CO2 captured. The cost of the renewable energy is excluded from the study, although its potential impact on the process costs if included in the system is assessed. The sensitivities of the computed costs to the main process and economic parameters are also assessed. The results show that for the most realistic economic projections, the BESP ranges from 141 to −20 $/MWh for different plant sizes and a lifetime of 20 years. When the same process is assessed as a carbon capture facility, it yields a cost that ranges from 45 to −27 $/tCO2-captured. The cost of investment in the fluidized bed reactors accounts for most of the computed capital expenses, while an increase in the degree of conversion in the carbonator is identified as a technical goal of major importance for reducing the global cost.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mass and Energy Balancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Techno-Economic Assessment of Calcium Looping for Thermochemical Energy Storage with CO2 Capture

et al. 2021

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“…Among TCES systems, the calcium looping (CaL) process, based on calcination/carbonation of CaCO3 (Eq.1) is one of the most promising alternatives due to its high turning temperature, high energy density and the low price and full availability of the raw material (natural limestone or dolomite) [11]. Currently, the ambitious projects SOCRATCES [12] is developing a prototype aiming to demonstrate the feasibility of the CSP-CaL integration and to reduce risks facing the scale-up [13]. To improve the solar share in combined cycles, Ortiz et al [14] proposed the integration of the CaL process with several power cycles, including a supercritical CO2 cycle and a combined cycle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increasing the solar share in combined cycles through thermochemical energy storage

Ortíz

Chacartegui

Carro

et al. 2021

Energy Conversion and Management

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Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) plants allow green and dispatchable electricity production. Novel process schemes combining high solar-to-electric performance with an optimum integration of cheap and environmentally friendly storage systems are key for the massive deployment of solar plants. The integration of solar energy in combined cycles, as the most efficient thermal power cycles, is gaining momentum. Combined cycles require high temperature (typically higher than 1000ºC), which does not allow the operation of the solar combined cycle at night by integrating the current commercial thermal storage systems (molten salts-based system maximum temperature is limited to ~600ºC). Thus, solar power share in current Integrated Solar Combined Cycles (ISCC) is typically lower than 20%, while natural gas is used to provide most of the thermal power required. Under this scenario, the promising Thermochemical Energy Storage (TCES), capable of operating at high temperatures with high yields, provide a high potential to increase the solar share since the solar energy stored can be released at temperatures above 1000ºC, allowing electricity production in a combined cycle even without solar radiation or other fuel input. Among TCES systems to be integrated into CSP plants, the Calcium-Looping (CaL) process is gaining momentum due to a high energy density, abundant and cheap raw material (limestone) and its high turning temperature. This paper proposes the novel concept of a High Temperature Storage Solar Combined Cycle (HTSSCC) based on the integration of a TCES system. A model has been developed for simulating the proposed plant. Results show overall plant efficiencies higher than 45% (excluding solar side losses), which suggests a high potential for the development of this novel integration.

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“…This fact is mainly affected by the phenomenon of pore plugging and the significant sintering taking places at very high temperatures (>900 • C). The residual sorbent conversion mainly depends on the sorbent precursor properties, particle size and the process conditions (temperature, pressure and atmosphere composition in the reactors) [7]. To overcome this challenge, a large number of alternative sorbents, synthetics (i.e., CaO/SiO 2 [8]) or natural (i.e., dolomite) and milder calcination conditions (with the reactions occurring in CO 2 -diluted atmosphere) are being proposed [1].…”

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confidence: 99%

Thermochemical Energy Storage Based on Carbonates: A Brief Overview

Ortíz

2021

Energies

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Scaling-up the Calcium-Looping Process for CO<sub>2</sub> Capture and Energy Storage

Cited by 44 publications

References 117 publications

Techno-Economic Assessment of Calcium Looping for Thermochemical Energy Storage with CO2 Capture

Techno-Economic Assessment of Calcium Looping for Thermochemical Energy Storage with CO2 Capture

Increasing the solar share in combined cycles through thermochemical energy storage

Thermochemical Energy Storage Based on Carbonates: A Brief Overview

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