Scalp Mycetomas in Saudi Arabia

Venugopal, Pankajalakshmi V.; Venugopal, Taralakshmi V.; Laing, W. N.; Namnyak, Simon S.; Humaidan, Yaseen Al.; Bashier, Ali M. El.; Jama, Abdul Aziz Al.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-4362.1991.tb02658.x

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 1 publication

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“…Both countries have rainy season from June to October, a dry, cool season from October to March and hot and dry weather without rainfall from March to June. In addition, mycetomas have been reported from India [28,39], Pakistan [5], Saudi Arabia [40,41], Brazil [9], Venezuela [42], Argentina [30] and Turkey [43]. Mycetomas usually are found in relatively arid zones areas with a short rainy season with a relative humidity.…”

Section: Geographical Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycetomas in Iran: a review article

Mahmoudabadi

Zarrin

2007

Mycopathologia

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Mycetomas are the subcutaneous and relatively rare chronic pustular infections. The etiologic agents of mycetomas are a group of saprophytic fungi and actinomycetes living in soil. We retrospectively discussed the overall prevalence of mycetomas and the prevalence of infective agents in Iran between 1972 and 2005. Seventy-six cases of mycetomas have been reported from various geographical locations in Iran during 33 years. Analysis of the records revealed that 84.5% were actinomycetoma and only 15.5% were eumycetoma. Disease mainly has been seen in foot, and the male to female ratio was 2:1. Mycetomas were abundant among farmers in rural areas of Iran. The commonest agents of mycetomas were Nocardia asteroids, Actinomadura madura (actinomycetoma) and Allesheria boydii (eumycetoma). The peak age of onset was between 31 and 51 years.

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Section: Geographical Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycetomas in Iran: a review article

Mahmoudabadi

Zarrin

2007

Mycopathologia

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Antimycotic susceptibility testing of agents of black grain eumycetoma

Venugopal

Ramakrishna

et al. 1993

Med Mycol

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Antimycotic susceptibility testing of 17 strains of eumycetes including Madurella mycetomatis, Madurella grisea, Pyrenochaeta rorneroi, Exophialajeansetmei and Leptosphaeria tompkinsii, isolated from cases of black grain mycetoma, was carried out against ketoconazole, itraconazole, miconazole and econazole by broth microdilution and agar dilution methods. Itraconazole and ketoconazole were more active inhibiting 50% of the strains (MIC 50) at 0.5 and I pg ml ~ and 90% (MIC 90) at 2.5 and 5 pg ml-~, respectively. The MIC 50s of econazole and miconazole were 2.5 and 5 pg ml ~ and MIC 90s I0/zg ml * for both drugs.Studies on the sensitivity of the agents causing mycetoma are few and many cases of infection caused by fungi are not treated, so that the choice of antifungal drug cannot be ascertained with confidence. Hence, the present study on antimycotic susceptibility testing of agents of black grain eumycetoma was undertaken against ketoconazole, itraconazole, miconazole (Janssen Pharmaceutica) and econazole (Cilag-Chemie) using a standardized, fragmented fungal inoculum in microcultures. Simultaneous testing was carried out using the agar dilution method for comparison. Stock solutions of the drugs were made by dissolving 11 mg of the drug in 5 ml of diluent. Ketoconazole was initially dissolved in 0-2 ml of 0.2 M HC1 and 4-8 ml of sterile distilled water was added to it. Itraconazole was initially dissolved in 0"2 ml of 0.2 M HC1 in absolute ethanol (0-2 ml of 1 M HC1 in 0.8 ml of absolute ethanol) and 4-8 ml of absolute ethanol was added to it. Miconazole and econazole were dissolved in 70% ethanol. Further dilutions were made in 50% ethanol so that when 10/d of each dilution was added to the microtitre wells the final drug concentrations were obtained: 100, 20, 10, 5, 2.5, 1, 0-5, 0.l, 0-05 and 0.01/tgm1-1. The fungal strains tested were clinical isolates from cases of black grain eumycetoma. Two of the Madurella mycetomatis strains were from patients treated at the Government General Hospital, Madras (ATCC 62382, 62383). The Leptosphaeria tompkinsii strain was from a patient admitted to the Rajah Mirasdar Hospital, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu (ATCC 62381). One M. mycetomatis strain was obtained from the National Institute of Communicable Diseases, New Delhi. The rest of the strains were from the Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, Calcutta.

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Treatment of Eumycetoma With Ketoconazole

Venugopal

1993

Aust J Dermatology

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Ten patients with eumycetoma were treated with oral ketoconazole in the dosage of 400mg/day for 8 to 24 months. In eight cases the foot was affected: four were due to Madurella mycetomatis and one each due to M grisea, Pyrenochaeta romeroi, Acremonium kiliense and A falciorme. One mycetoma which affected the back and perineum was due to A kiliense, and one case presented with multiple sebaceous cysts and the scalp and M mycetomatis was isolated from the lesion. Clinical and laboratory tests showed excellent tolerance to the drug, with no adverse reactions. Complete cure was obtained in six patients and two showed good responses. The cured patients were followed up for a period ranging from three months to two years without any evidence of recurrence.

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Scalp Mycetomas in Saudi Arabia

Cited by 3 publications

References 1 publication

Mycetomas in Iran: a review article

Mycetomas in Iran: a review article

Antimycotic susceptibility testing of agents of black grain eumycetoma

Treatment of Eumycetoma With Ketoconazole

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