Scandium(III) Triflate Catalyzed Friedel-Crafts Alkylation with Benzyl and Allyl Alcohols

Friedel–Crafts alkylation of aromatics with benzyl alcohols catalyzed by rare earth metal triflates supported on MCM-41 mesoporous silica

“…In the recent decades, there has been a rapid growth in the catalytic application of triflic acid and metal triflates [3][4][5]. There are many reports on the rare earth metal triflates such as scandium(III) triflate [Sc(OTf) 3 ] and ytterbium(III) triflate [Yb(OTf) 3 ] [4,[6][7][8][9] which are used as homogeneous Lewis acid catalysts for various synthetic reactions. These catalysts are active even in the presence of water.…”

“…Olah et al [14] reported that the boron, aluminum, and gallium triflate are efficient Friedel-Crafts catalysts for alkylation, isomerization, and acylation reactions. Tsuchimoto et al found that Sc(OTf) 3 was the most efficient catalyst among the rare earth metal triflates screened for the benzylation of benzene with benzyl alcohol [8].…”

Electrophilic Functionalization of Non-Activated Olefins Catalyzed by Lewis Superacids

“…82,[96][97][98][99][100][101] Group IIIA (B, Al, Ga) and transition-metal triflates were also investigated for the alkylation with alkyl halides. 95,102 Alkylation with allyl silyl ethers has also been reported.…”

Catalytic Friedel–Crafts allylation using Zn(II) triflimidate

“…For example, boron trifluoride has been able to catalyse regio-and stereospecific alkenylation of phenolic ethers with prenyl and geranyl diisopropyl phosphates [17], without any appreciable side reactions. Scandium triflate (10 mol%) has been reported to efficiently catalyse the allylation of activated aromatic derivatives in good yields, using the corresponding allylic alcohols as the alkylating agents [18,19]. Catalytic FriedeleCrafts allylation reaction of toluene has been achieved with allyl silyl ethers with 10 mol% of Cl 2 Si(OTf) 2 or Hf(OTf) 4 [20].…”