I n this review we discussdefect phenomena in superconductingoxides. We survey those aspects oi oxide superconductors which relate them most closely to conventional ceramicoxides, concentratingon processesand behaviourrelatedtodefects. We alsoidentiiy areas of difference between two types of oxide.Theoretical modelling of conventional oxides has been extremely effective. and we emphasize that some of these modelling tools can be exploited for the superconducting oxides too, In particular, we stress those methods and ideas that provide a framework for understanding behaviour, those that provide a database of good quantitative experiments and those that provide an established and tested approach to quantitative modelling as a guide to prediction. optimiration and extrapolation.Much progress has been made in both theory and experiment, but some problems do remain and these have not been omitted from our discussions. There is potential to exploit past work on defects in oxides, so as to control defect processes and microstructure and hence to enhance performance.