Scanning electrochemical microscopy characterization of bimetallic Pt–M (M=Pd, Ru, Ir) catalysts for hydrogen oxidation

Weng, Yu–Ching; Hsieh, Cheng-Tse

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2010.12.029

Cited by 40 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…[5,6] These active sites reveal a dissimilar electrocatalytic activity as demonstrated in high-resolution catalytic activity mapping studies. [7][8][9][10][11][12] Consequently, it is indispensably required to understand the influence of nonhomogeneously distributed active sites since this knowledge is important to the rational design of electrocatalysts. [13] An electrocatalytic reaction, for example, the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), is a reaction network consisting of several elementary steps and different adsorbing reaction intermediates.…”

Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

Statistical Treatment of Activity and Durability of Electrocatalysts with Distributed Binding Energies

Huang

2021

Preprint

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<p>We present a statistical treatment of the catalytic activity and durability of nonhomogeneous electrocatalysts that possess distributed binding energies of reaction intermediates. The treatment is simple, generic, and amenable to analytical solutions. It is revealed that the highest overall catalytic activity is obtained with a suitable level of nonhomogeneity that is commensurate with the average property. The evolution of the binding energy distribution is described by the Fokker-Planck theory. Exponential decay of the catalytic activity is predicted theoretically and confirmed experimentally. The exponential decay shows one- or two stages, depending on the initial distribution properties. The present work represents a step toward closing the gap between ideal and practical electrocatalysts using statistical considerations.<br></p>

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Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

Statistical Treatment of Activity and Durability of Electrocatalysts with Distributed Binding Energies

Huang

2021

Preprint

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“…Composition optimization of the bimetallic Pt-Ir system for the HOR was performed by a combinatorial screening method. [62] Although the mechanism of methanol electro-oxidation on Ir is the same as that on Pt, [63] the MOR activity of Ir is considerably lower than that of Pt, and also of Pd and Rh. [64] As a consequence, no relevant work was carried out on the used Ir metal as anode catalyst for DMFCs.…”

Section: Hydrogen Oxidation On Pt-ir Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iridium Application in Low‐Temperature Acidic Fuel Cells: Pt‐Free Ir‐Based Catalysts or Second/Third Promoting Metal in Pt‐Based Catalysts?

Antolini¹

2013

ChemElectroChem

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Pt and Ir have similar properties, that is, same period and block (6d) of the periodic table, same fcc crystal structure, similar mass and atomic size. The cost of iridium, however, is ca. 60 % lower than that of platinum, so it could be a good substitute for Pt as a catalyst in fuel cells, also if it has to be taken into account that a large use of iridium in fuel cells could noticeably increase its price. Moreover, iridium is stable towards dissolution in acid medium. For these reasons, Pt‐free Ir‐based catalysts and Ir‐containing Pt‐based catalysts have been tested both as anode and cathode materials in low‐temperature acid fuel cells. In this work an overview of the application of Ir and Ir‐containing catalysts as anode materials for hydrogen, methanol and ethanol oxidation, and as cathode materials for oxygen reduction in low‐temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cells fuelled with hydrogen or low molecular weight alcohols, is presented. The more suitable application of iridium in fuel cell electrodes, either as non‐Pt Ir‐based catalysts, maintaining an acceptable catalytic activity, or as co‐catalysts in Pt‐based materials, to increase fuel cell performance simultaneously to a slight decrease of the cost, is discussed.

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“…[17,18] These active sites reveal different catalytic activity as demonstrated in high-resolution catalytic activity mapping studies. [19][20][21][22][23][24] Consequently, it is important to understand the influence of nonhomogeneities on the overall catalytic activity and durability. [25] Following the binding-energy approach, it appears straightforward to endow the chosen descriptor with a probability distribution function (PDF) to represent, as a first approximation, the heterogeneity among active sites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Statistical Treatment of Activity and Durability of Electrocatalysts with Distributed Binding Energies

Huang

2021

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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We present a statistical treatment of the catalytic activity and durability of nonhomogeneous electrocatalysts that possess distributed binding energies of reaction intermediates. The treatment is simple, generic, and amenable to analytical solutions. It is revealed that the highest overall catalytic activity is obtained with a suitable level of nonhomogeneity that is commensurate with the average property. The evolution of the binding energy distribution is described by the Fokker-Planck theory. Exponential decay of the catalytic activity is predicted theoretically and confirmed experimentally. The exponential decay shows one-or two stages, depending on the initial distribution properties. The present work represents a step toward closing the gap between ideal and practical electrocatalysts using statistical considerations.

show abstract

Scanning electrochemical microscopy characterization of bimetallic Pt–M (M=Pd, Ru, Ir) catalysts for hydrogen oxidation

Cited by 40 publications

References 34 publications

Statistical Treatment of Activity and Durability of Electrocatalysts with Distributed Binding Energies

Statistical Treatment of Activity and Durability of Electrocatalysts with Distributed Binding Energies

Iridium Application in Low‐Temperature Acidic Fuel Cells: Pt‐Free Ir‐Based Catalysts or Second/Third Promoting Metal in Pt‐Based Catalysts?

Statistical Treatment of Activity and Durability of Electrocatalysts with Distributed Binding Energies

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