Scanning Electron Microscopic Observations on the Luminal Surface of the Rabbit Common Carotid Artery Sublected to lschemia by Arterial Occlusion

Kawamura, Junichiro; Gertz, S. David; Sunaga, Toshiaki; Rennels, Marshall L.; Nelson, Elizabeth

doi:10.1161/01.str.5.6.765

Cited by 53 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The craters seem to be ruptured or collapsed balloons, as Kawamura et al 13 have pointed out, because transitional forms of both conditions and the concave surface of craters occasionally revealed plasmalemmal pits and microvilli exactly as seen on the endothelial surface. Nelson et al…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Scanning electron microscopic study of endothelial cells of cerebral arteries from spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Hazama¹,

Ozaki²,

Amano³

1979

Stroke

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Endothelial cells of the cerebral arterial system in spontaneously hypertensive rats were investigated by scanning electronmicroscopy and found to show progressive changes such as increased microvilli, numerous plasmalemmal pits, enlargement of the cells and well-developed marginal folds. Regressive changes, such as balloon-like protrusions and crater-like cave-ins, were also observed. Platelet adhesion to the injured endothelial surface of cerebral arteries was frequent. The significance of these changes in the development of hypertensive cerebrovascular lesions is discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Scanning electron microscopic study of endothelial cells of cerebral arteries from spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Hazama¹,

Ozaki²,

Amano³

1979

Stroke

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“…We have shown previously that injury appearing as craters and balloons on SEM represents protruding blebs and vacuoles as seen with transmission electron microscopy.6 ' These alterations have been reported after a wide variety of injurious stimuli as well as "&spontaneously" at branch orifices,8 suggesting that these alterations represent a nonspecific reaction of endothelial cells to injury. 6 We have demonstrated that the carotid or coronary arteries that were subjected to 40-60% reduction in luminal diameter (resulting in no substantial change in the rate of distal blood flow) showed endothelial desquamation and thrombus formation only on the proximal slope ( fig. 1, segment 3), particularly in the area just proximal to the point of maximum constriction figs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Endothelial cell damage and thrombus formation after partial arterial constriction: relevance to the role of coronary artery spasm in the pathogenesis of myocardial infarction.

Gertz¹,

Uretsky²,

Wajnberg³

et al. 1981

Circulation

166

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SUMMARY The left anterior descending coronary artery of four dogs and the right common carotid artery of 15 rabbits were subjected to 40-60% reduction in transluminal diameter for 1 hour by partial ligation with suture thread. Scanning electron microscopic examination of the luminal surface of these vessels revealed endothelial craters and balloons, fragmentation and desquamation on the proximal slope of the constriction. Platelet attachment to exposed subendothelial tissues was clearly evident, and microthrombi were seen at the point of maximum constriction. Blood flow, as measured by electromagnetic flow probe, was virtually unchanged upon partial ligation. In control studies, where a second ligature was placed proximal to and before the first to reduce blood flow to the distal constriction site substantially or totally, endothelial desquamation was found in only one of 14 animals, and the number of craters and balloons was significantly reduced. We suggest that endothelial damage and thrombus formation may occur at the site of focal arterial constriction even when the reduction in transluminal diameter is insufficient to alter substantially the rate of flow.THE THREAT posed by coronary vasospasm for the initiation of myocardial ischemia or infarction is assumed to depend on the degree to which the reduction in transluminal diameter results in the interference with coronary blood flow. Further, it is thought that the thrombosis that may accompany vasospasm is a result of the grossly reduced blood flow secondary to a critical vascular constriction and that the interaction of platelets with a damaged vascular wall, with the ensuing release reaction, may further potentiate the coronary spasm." 2 In the present report we present evidence from scanning electron microscopic (SEM) studies that indicates that marked endothelial damage, extensive platelet deposition and thrombus formation may occur at the site of a focal arterial constriction even when the reduction in transluminal diameter is insufficient to alter flow substantially. MethodsFifteen New Zealand white rabbits (3.1 ± 0.4 kg, mean ± SD) were anesthetized with sodium pentobar- The RCCA of five rabbits and the LAD of two dogs were focally constricted 1 cm proximal to the probe by partial ligation with suture thread (0-cotton) to achieve a 50% reduction in transluminal diameter ( fig. 1). The desired degree of luminal constriction was achieved by the apposition of two points on the suture thread; the distance between these points was calculated from the vascular circumference, with the wall thickness (0.1 mm) considered negligible. The diameters were confirmed during SEM examination and varied from 40-60% luminal reduction. Group 2In a second group of five rabbits and two dogs, a second ligature was placed 1 cm proximal and immediately before the first ( fig. 1)

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“…Hoff, 1970;Shimamoto & Numano, 1973;Kawamura et al, 1974;Nelson et al, 1975;Gertz, Rennels & Nelson, 1975). The transmission electron microscope (TEM) has permitted the identification of fine structural changes within endothelial cells and intercellular junctions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of vascular endothelium for scanning electron microscopy: a comparison of the effects of perfusion and immersion fixation

Gertz¹,

Rennels²,

Forbes³

et al. 1975

Journal of Microscopy

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Scanning Electron Microscopic Observations on the Luminal Surface of the Rabbit Common Carotid Artery Sublected to lschemia by Arterial Occlusion

Cited by 53 publications

References 8 publications

Scanning electron microscopic study of endothelial cells of cerebral arteries from spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Scanning electron microscopic study of endothelial cells of cerebral arteries from spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Endothelial cell damage and thrombus formation after partial arterial constriction: relevance to the role of coronary artery spasm in the pathogenesis of myocardial infarction.

Preparation of vascular endothelium for scanning electron microscopy: a comparison of the effects of perfusion and immersion fixation

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