Scanning electron microscopic studies on floral malformation in mango

Usha, K.; Goswami, A.M.; Sharma, H C; Singh, Bhupinder; Pande, P. C.

doi:10.1016/s0304-4238(97)00081-2

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Isolates of F. mangiferae from mango transformed with the GUS reporter gene (ß-glucoronidase), and consequently used to artificially inoculate mango, verified that bud and flower tissues of the host are primary infection sites, and that wounds may provide sites of entry for the pathogen (Freeman et al 1999). Similar records proving that meristematic tissue is the primary site of infection were reported earlier (Usha et al 1994(Usha et al , 1997.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

“…The tissue segments were first surface-sterilised with 0.1% HgCl 2 for 2 min and then washed three times with sterile water to remove any traces of HgCl 2 . The explants were then aseptically cultured in Murashige and Skoog medium (Usha et al 1997) in sterile bottles with hexane, methanol or methanol-water (70:30 v/v) extracts (5,000 ppm and 10,000 ppm). Malformed tissues were also aseptically cultured in MS medium along with T 1 and T 2 (methanol-water extracts).…”

Section: In Vitro Culture Of Malformed Tissuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Widely accepted regarding the epidemiology of the pathogen is that prior bud colonisation is a prerequisite for infection (Freeman et al 1999;Ploetz and Gregory 1993;Usha et al 1994Usha et al , 1997Usha 2005;Zafar et al 2006). Since the pathogen is harboured within the bud and only at the bud break stage will the pathogen reveal itself by inducing the symptoms of malformation, the concoction-brewed compost (T 1 ) and solvent extracts (T 2 ) were sprayed on the mango trees at a rate of 3 l/tree (calculated based on the canopy size of tree) at three different stages (a) at flower bud break stage in January, (b) flowering period (February-March) and (c) at fruit set stage in April using a manually-operated foot sprayer, to see its effect on floral malformation.…”

Section: Foliar Spraymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Convincing evidence that a fungus causes malformation has been in the literature for decades (Crookes and Rijkenberg 1985;Chakrabarti and Ghosal 1989;Usha et al 1994Usha et al , 1997Steenkamp et al 2000;Ploetz 2001). In India, researchers were the first to report that Fusarium moniliforme (recognized later as F. subglutinans) was the cause of the floral (Summonwar et al 1966) and vegetative (Varma et al 1974) forms of the disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antifungal activity of Datura stramonium, Calotropis gigantea and Azadirachta indica against Fusarium mangiferae and floral malformation in mango

et al. 2009

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Floral malformation caused by Fusarium mangiferae is a serious threat to mango cultivation in various countries. Different long-term measures suggested to control it were found to be unsuccessful. Present studies clearly showed strong antifungal activity of a concoction brewed from Datura stramonium, Calotropis gigantea, Azadirachta indica (neem) and cow manure (T 1 ) followed by methanol-water (70/ 30 v/v) extracts of Datura stramonium, Calotropis gigantea and Azadirachta indica (T 2 ) against Fusarium mangiferae. Optimal control of floral malformation was found in trees sprayed with T 1 followed by T 2 at bud break stage and again at fruit set stage when compared with the control. All the malformed buds or panicles completely dried two days after foliar spray with T 1 or T 2 . In the trees treated with T 1 at fruit set stage, flower abscission was observed from the fourth day after spraying and all flowers dropped by the ninth day without requiring any manual de-blossoming, whereas in the control, the malformed panicles remained green and competed with the growing fruits for plant nutrients. In vitro culture of fresh malformed tissues in MS media along with T 1 or T 2 showed no growth of any fungus in the media. However, in vitro culture of the completely dry malformed tissues in MS media after foliar treatment with T 1 or T 2 revealed growth of F. mangiferae on the twenty fifth day indicating that the concoction-brewed compost (T 1 ) or methanol-water (70/30 v/v) extracts (T 2 ) could not completely eliminate the pathogen but helped in controlling malformation by suppressing the activity of F. mangiferae. Mango trees sprayed with T 1 and T 2 revealed significant differences in percent fruit set and retention when compared with the control. This could be due to observed higher levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, copper, zinc, iron and manganese in T 1, followed by T 2 when compared with T 3 (control). Among the different fruit quality parameters analysed, the total flavonoids were found to be significantly higher in T 1 and T 2 when compared with T 3. The study proved that the concoction-brewed compost (T 1 ) is effective, inexpensive, easy to prepare and constitutes a sustainable and eco-friendly approach to control floral malformation in mango when it is sprayed at bud break stage and again at fruit set stage.In this present study, exogenous treatment of emerging buds with (T c ) further proved that with increase in the number of malformed panicles/tree the number of buds developing into healthy panicles/tree decrease.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Section: In Vitro Culture Of Malformed Tissuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Foliar Spraymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antifungal activity of Datura stramonium, Calotropis gigantea and Azadirachta indica against Fusarium mangiferae and floral malformation in mango

et al. 2009

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“…The etiology of malformation has been a contentious issue, and a wide range of biotic and abiotic factors have been reported to cause the disease, including viruses, mites and nutritional deficiencies (Ploetz et al, 2002;Nailwal et al, 2006;Jouyban, 2012). Convincing evidence on the involvement of a fungus as the causal agent of malformation has been in the literature for decades (Singh and Dhillon, 1990;Usha et al, 1997;Steenkamp et al, 2000;Ploetz et al, 2002, Nailwal et al, 2006Chakrabarti, 2011). However, based on Koch's postulate and detailed cytological examination of the infected tissues, it is now established that a fungus, Fusarium mangiferae induces the symptoms of mango malformation disease (Britz et al, 2002;Usha et al, 2009;Iqbal et al, 2010).…”

Section: Issn: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 7 (2017) Pp 1462-1475mentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptomic Analysis of Brassinosteroid Biosynthesis and Signaling Pathway Genes in Healthy and Malformed Tissues of Mango Variety Amrapalli

Yadav¹,

Kalidindi²

2017

Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci

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Cytology of infection of Fusarium mangiferae Britz in different malformed reproductive parts of mango

et al. 2010

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Aetiology of mango malformation (MM) has intrigued the scientists since its inception. The objective of the study was to glean an insight into association of the fungus, Fusarium mangiferae, with different malformed regions, viz. panicle-shoot juncture, apical buds, primary and secondary peduncles, in five exotic mango cultivars. Tissue assays revealed an infection of 88.5, 84.75 and 82.5% in cvs Zill, Sensation and Tommy Atkins, respectively. Least infection of 69.75% was found in cv. Keitt. No exotic cultivar was found to be free of fungal infection. Apical buds proved to be the potential infection site of the fungus amongst the four malformed regions, hosting maximum withintissue infection of 86.2%. Determination of F. mangiferae at proximal and distant sites of the malformed panicles exhibited maximum recovery of 82.0% at 0 cm and only 3% at >30 cm distance beneath the panicle. In the case of non-malformed panicles, an infection of 14.0% was recorded at 0 cm distance while no detection could be made from non-malformed branches. Moreover, examination of ultra-thin bud sections under Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) revealed inter-and intra-cellular ramification of fungal hyphae, indicating fungal ingress in malformed bud tissues of local cv. Malda. The present studies explored the sites hosting the causal fungus in mango and provide convincing evidence that F. mangiferae is responsible for turning healthy tissues into the malformed condition. These findings suggest that inoculum specific management strategies are needed in future to curb malformation disease in mango orchards.

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Scanning electron microscopic studies on floral malformation in mango

Cited by 7 publications

References 3 publications

Antifungal activity of Datura stramonium, Calotropis gigantea and Azadirachta indica against Fusarium mangiferae and floral malformation in mango

Antifungal activity of Datura stramonium, Calotropis gigantea and Azadirachta indica against Fusarium mangiferae and floral malformation in mango

Transcriptomic Analysis of Brassinosteroid Biosynthesis and Signaling Pathway Genes in Healthy and Malformed Tissues of Mango Variety Amrapalli

Cytology of infection of Fusarium mangiferae Britz in different malformed reproductive parts of mango

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