Scanning Electron Microscopic Study of Cholesterol Gallstones

Ogata, Takuro; Murata, Fumio

doi:10.1620/tjem.104.25

Cited by 15 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…At 20 weeks cholesterol stones were finally seen, and their fractured surface (Fig. 22) was made up of regularly radiating crystals like the pure cholesterol stones in man (Ogata and Murata 1971).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Scanning Electron Microscopic Study on the Formation of Cholesterol Stones

Ogata

Nishie

1974

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Scanning Electron Microscopic Study on the Formation of Cholesterol Stones

Ogata

Nishie

1974

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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“…Black stones may grow through extension of the organic skeleton followed by deposition of calcium salts and hydrated water. Cholesterol stones have less unmeasured organic material, and stone growth more likely occurs through deposition of cholesterol monohydrate in crystals as suggested by scanning electron photomicrographs (9,14).…”

Section: Esca Esca Analysis Independently Suggested Thatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Content of Gallstones: Location and Contribution to A Hypothesis Concerning Stone Structure

et al. 1982

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The water content of black pigment and cholesterol gallstones was evaluated with the use of moisture evolution analysis, electron spectroscopy for surface analysis, and X-ray diffraction. Xray diffraction identified complex hydrated hydroxyapatite compounds in two stones. Moisture evolution analysis demonstrated that 18 pigment gallstones contained between 0.83 and 6.87% water; six cholesterol stones contained 0 to 0.27% (p < 0.001). When black stones were subdivided into subgroups containing large proportions of pigment, phosphate, or carbonate, the proportion of water evolved at each temperature was the same. Water content was inversely related to carbonate content (r = -0.81) and did not correlate well with other stone components. Electron spectroscopy for surface analysis independently suggested that water of hydration was present since the ratio of oxygen to other elements exceeded ratios in any known compound in stone. A peripheral-central gradient for water was absent in one stone which was analyzed in peripheral mid-, and central portions. Progressive removal of the surface of previously ground stone particles using an argon beam followed by repeated electron spectroscopy for surface analysis indicated that much of the water was present in the outer 20 to 50 a of the particles. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that pigment stones form by deposition of calcium salts on an organic matrix and that hydrated water is associated with thin layers of calcium salts. These layers may be distributed throughout the stone; powdering appears to fractionate stones through these areas of hydrated calcium salts since oxygen was in highest concentration on the surface of powder particles.Little is known about the structure of pigment gallstones. If more information can be obtained, insights concerning stone growth should develop. In recent studies, using a combination of chemical analysis and quantitative infrared spectroscopy (l), an increased proportion of stone components has been identified (2). In stones composed primarily of cholesterol, only 14% of the weight is unaccounted for, whereas in black pigment stones which contain a variety of calcium salts, as much Received November 19, 1980; accepted December 17, 1981. This study was supported in part by NIH Grant 16549, the Biomedical Research Support Grant for 1976 as 60% may be uniaentified. Observations using X-ray diffraction (3, 4) suggest that cholesterol is present as a monohydrate. Because of lack of crystal purity in black pigment stones, X-ray diffraction is not widely applicable to this stone group. The aims of this study were to quantify the amount of water in the unmeasured portion of air-dried stones, characterize its association with other components, and identify the location of water in the stones.MATERIALS AND METHODS Nomenclature. We have used the term "black" stone to refer to gallbladder pigment stones which contain calcium salts of bilirubin and possibly other pigments, carbonate, and phosphate. In discussing stone composition, the term...

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Ultrastructure of gallstones produced in mice fed a high cholesterol diet

Saland

Napolitano

1977

Anat. Rec.

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Mice fed a high cholesterol-cholic acid diet for two to six months develop gallstones; these were studied by transmission electron microscopy after glutaraldehyde-digitonin fixation. Examination of the contents of mouse gallbladders presents views of layered structures and surrounding amorphous material. We interpret these images of gallstones to suggest that they may arise by cohesion of material rich in cholesterol to form more ordered structures. Gallbladder contents of mice fed the diet for five to six months were found to contain occasional crystals and rectangular areas similar to those observed in thin sections of human gallstones (unpublished observations). Recent findings that human gallstones can be dissolved with chenodeoxycholic acid are discussed, with reference to their applicability to studies of gallstones in mice.

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Scanning Electron Microscopic Study of Cholesterol Gallstones

Cited by 15 publications

References 3 publications

A Scanning Electron Microscopic Study on the Formation of Cholesterol Stones

A Scanning Electron Microscopic Study on the Formation of Cholesterol Stones

Water Content of Gallstones: Location and Contribution to A Hypothesis Concerning Stone Structure

Ultrastructure of gallstones produced in mice fed a high cholesterol diet

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