Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-Ray Microanalysis

Goldstein, Joseph I.; Newbury, Dale E.; Michael, Joseph R.; Ritchie, Nicholas W. M.; Scott, John Henry J.; Joy, David C.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-6676-9

Cited by 1,535 publications

(1,004 citation statements)

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“…500 eV of the primary beam energy. This trend is consistent with the dependence of the BSE spectra on the density and mean atomic number of a material, which is known to result in more intensity near the primary beam energy due to the increased probability of low-loss backscattered electrons via large-angle scattering events [11,12]. The quantitative trend in the decrease of the shift of the mean effective energy relative the primary beam energy, as seen for silicon, GaN [16], and BaFe 2 As 2 , also seems to be inconsistent with the findings of Callahan and De Graef in [4], where changes of the mean energy from 28.5 keV to 23 keV from the bottom to the top of the EBSD phosphor screen are derived by CSDA Monte Carlo simulations for Ni ( Fig.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

Constraints on the effective electron energy spectrum in backscatter Kikuchi diffraction

2019

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Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) is a technique to obtain microcrystallographic information from materials by collecting large-angle Kikuchi patterns in the scanning electron microscope (SEM). An important fundamental question concerns the scattering-angle dependent electron energy distribution which is relevant for the formation of the Kikuchi diffraction patterns. Here we review the existing experimental data and explore the effective energy spectrum that is operative in the generation of backscatter Kikuchi patterns from silicon. We use a full pattern comparison of experimental data with dynamical electron diffraction simulations. Our energy-dependent cross-correlation based pattern matching approach establishes improved constraints on the effective Kikuchi pattern energy spectrum which is relevant for high-resolution EBSD pattern simulations and their applications. * a.winkelmann@lzh.de †

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

Constraints on the effective electron energy spectrum in backscatter Kikuchi diffraction

2019

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“…An area of approximately 1 cm 2 of sample on Whatman 41 filter was covered by powdered carbon and analysed using an electron beam voltage of 15 kV. To find the best observation area, secondary electron (SE) images of the filter were collected [79]. Backscattered electrons (BSE) were used to determine average molecular masses of aerosols [79].…”

Section: Scanning Electron Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric Trace Metal Deposition near the Great Barrier Reef, Australia

et al. 2020

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Aerosols deposited into the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) contain iron (Fe) and other trace metals, which may act as micronutrients or as toxins to this sensitive marine ecosystem. In this paper, we quantified the atmospheric deposition of Fe and investigated aerosol sources in Mission Beach (Queensland) next to the GBR. Leaching experiments were applied to distinguish pools of Fe with regard to its solubility. The labile Fe concentration in aerosols was 2.3-10.6 ng m −3 , which is equivalent to 4.9-11.4% of total Fe and was linked to combustion and biomass burning processes, while total Fe was dominated by crustal sources. A one-day precipitation event provided more soluble iron than the average dry deposition flux, 0.165 and 0.143 µmol m −2 day −1 , respectively. Scanning Electron Microscopy indicated that alumina-silicates were the main carriers of total Fe and samples affected by combustion emissions were accompanied by regular round-shaped carbonaceous particulates. Collected aerosols contained significant amounts of Cd, Co, Cu, Mo, Mn, Pb, V, and Zn, which were mostly (47.5-96.7%) in the labile form. In this study, we provide the first field data on the atmospheric delivery of Fe and other trace metals to the GBR and propose that this is an important delivery mechanism to this region.

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“…The refractive index of SiO 2 is 1.45, and the extinction coefficient is approximately zero across the entire visible light spectrum. 26,36,37 Since the ratio of SiH 4 to CH 4 flow rate used in our study was 0.5, a energy bandgap of 2.13 eV was determined with Tauc plots. After the deposition of SiO 2 , SiC was deposited directly after without breaking vacuum.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demonstration of SiO₂/SiC‐based protective coating for dental ceramic prostheses

et al. 2019

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SiO2/SiC coatings were deposited onto ceramics disks using plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition. The effects of deposition pressure and gas‐flow ratio on the refractive index, extinction coefficient, and SiC composition were studied. For the highest studied SiH4 to CH4 gas‐flow ratio of 1.5, the refractive index increased by 17% from 2.53 (at the wavelength of 845 nm) to 2.96 (at the wavelength of 400 nm). For the lowest studied SiH4 to CH4 gas‐flow ratio of 0.5, the refractive index only increased by 4% from 2.11 (at the wavelength of 845 nm) to 2.20 (at the wavelength of 400 nm). At higher deposition pressures, the variation in refractive index of the SiC coatings was significantly lower showing a slight increase from 1.93 (at a wavelength of 845 nm) to 1.96 at a wavelength of 400 nm. Except for the case of a low SiH4 to CH4 gas‐flow ratio of 0.5, for light with wavelengths ≤650 nm, the extinction coefficient of the SiC coatings increased significantly. Light with a wavelength >650 nm had an extinction coefficient near 0 in all cases. After annealing the sample at 400°C for 4 hours, hydrogen‐related bonds broke and the stress of the film was reduced from −245 to −71 MPa. By utilizing different thicknesses of SiC, the full standard dental shade guide was matched with the ΔE of each coated disk being less than 3.3 compared to the shade guide.

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Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-Ray Microanalysis

Cited by 1,535 publications

References 0 publications

Constraints on the effective electron energy spectrum in backscatter Kikuchi diffraction

Constraints on the effective electron energy spectrum in backscatter Kikuchi diffraction

Atmospheric Trace Metal Deposition near the Great Barrier Reef, Australia

Demonstration of SiO₂/SiC‐based protective coating for dental ceramic prostheses

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Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-Ray Microanalysis

Cited by 1,535 publications

References 0 publications

Constraints on the effective electron energy spectrum in backscatter Kikuchi diffraction

Constraints on the effective electron energy spectrum in backscatter Kikuchi diffraction

Atmospheric Trace Metal Deposition near the Great Barrier Reef, Australia

Demonstration of SiO2/SiC‐based protective coating for dental ceramic prostheses

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Product

Resources

About

Demonstration of SiO₂/SiC‐based protective coating for dental ceramic prostheses