Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-Ray Spectral Microanalysis in Studying Dental Tissue Resistance

Abstract

sCanning eleCtron miCrosCopy and x-ray speCtral miCroanalysis in studying dental tissue resistanCe a b s t r a c t-Aim. Potential use of scanning electron microscopy with X-ray spectral microanalysis to determine the structural, functional and acid resistance of tooth enamel through mineralization stages. Materials and methods. A VEGA II LMU highresolution scanning electron microscope with an INCA Energy 350XT X-ray microanalyzer, were used to identify the degree of packing, size, and shape of enamel prisms and interprismatic intervals, as well as the content of chemical elements in the upper layer of permanent teeth enamel. Structural, functional and acid resistance of enamel was studied using the enamel resistance test (V.R. Okushko, 1984). The material used included 47 premolars (removed for orthodontic reasons) with no sign of carious lesions in children belonging to the age group of 11-16 with a mineralization period of 6-60 months from the time of eruption. Results. The results of X-ray spectral microanalysis regarding the chemical elements content in weight percent, revealed that through the maturation (mineralization) stages, the surface enamel layer featured a significant trend towards increasing the Ca, P, and F concentration, as well as Ca/P ratio, along with a decrease in the level of C, Na, O. An investigation into children undergoing the early stages of physiological maturation revealed that tooth enamel had a hypomineralized structure of the hydroxyapatites crystalline grid a with disturbed spatial orientation and boundaries accuracy, changed organic matrix depth, increased shell size and polymorphisms in the enamel prisms structure along with a reduced density of their packing. The combination of these signs is indicative of incomplete development of prismatic enamel structures with an unbalanced ratio of the mineral component and the organic matrix. Conclusion. The obtained results demonstrate potential use of high-resolution electron microscopy with X-ray spectral microanalysis to study dental hard tissues. Development and introduction of personalized approaches to caries prevention based on selective usage of remineralizing drugs and vitamin-mineral complexes, would improve resistance to caries through all stages of physiological maturation. K E y w o r d s-scanning electron microscopy, X-ray spectral microanalysis, caries resistance, enamel mineralization, enamel chemical composition.

Structural Arrangement Ofthetemporomandibular Joint in View of the Constitutional A

“…Research literature offers description of the relationship between the position of the lower jaw head and facial morphology. People with a vertical growth type of the facial part have been identified as featuring disturbed position of the lower jaw head much more often than persons with the horizontal growth type [17,22,26,33,53,65]. X-ray diagnostic methods analysis indicates that a decrease in the anterior articular space is typical of the vertical type of facial growth, and, on the contrary, an increase in the anterior articular space is to be observed with the vertical type of growth [14, 21, 23, 25, 28, 29, 43-45, 61, 64].…”

Optimization of Dental Implantation Combined With Closed Sinus Lift in Patients With Low Maxillary Sinus Floor

“…On the other hand, closed surgical intervention (without making an opening on the maxillary sinus anterior wall) which is definitely less traumatic and allows narrowing the surgical field to a minimum, still implies performing this operation blindly, while inserting the graft into the maxillary sinus, in turn, presents another issue, both in view of the plastic specifics and the introduction method, which complicates the surgery [3,10,11,14,16,17,[32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40]. The methods and models of implants we propose may help solve issues that dental surgeons face when using methods of closed sinus lift, as well as expand indications for single-stage implant placement, which helps to reduce the time needed for rehabilitation.…”

Analytical Approachwithin Cephalometric Studies Assessmentin People With Various S

“…The constitutional morphological and functional clinical orthodontics, which often determines the treatment tactics for occlusal anomalies, be that with or without tooth extraction [6,20,32,52]. Research in this direction is relevant in applied dentistry for studying variant anatomy of teeth, jaw bones, dentofacial segments and craniofacial complex as a whole [4,8,11,25,31,43,51,55].…”