Scanning electron microscopy of the hair medulla of orangutan, chimpanzee, and man

Чернова, О. Ф.

doi:10.1134/s0012496614030065

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Alternatively, it has been suggested that the medulla consists of an amorphous material, high in lipid concentration, which produces a porous structure that contains some of the air‐filled vacuoles 12–15 . Electron microscopy (both SEM and TEM) shows that the supposed amorphous material comprising the bulk of the medulla is actually fibrillar in structure that is randomly oriented and disorganised 11,16 . These fibrillar structures are believed to be deformed, sparsely packed cortical cells, hence their random orientations and less well‐defined structures, bound to the vacuoles through citrulline residue peptide bonds 17…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using hybrid atomic force microscopy and infrared spectroscopy (AFM‐IR) to identify chemical components of the hair medulla on the nanoscale

Fellows

Casford

Davies

2021

Journal of Microscopy

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Atomic force microscopy integrated with infrared spectroscopy (AFM‐IR) has been used to topographically and chemically examine the medulla of human hair fibres with nanometre scale lateral resolution. The mapping of cross‐sections of the medulla showed two distinct structural components which were subsequently characterised spectroscopically. One of these components was shown to be closely similar to cortical cell species, consistent with the fibrillar structures found in previous electron microscope (EM) investigations. The other component showed large chemical differences from cortical cells and was assigned to globular vacuole species, also confirming EM observations. Further characterisation of the two components was achieved through spectral deconvolution of the protein Amide‐I and ‐II bands. This showed that the vacuoles have a greater proportion of the most thermodynamically stable conformation, namely the antiparallel β‐sheet structures. This chimes with the observed lower cysteine concentration, indicating a lower proportion of restrictive disulphide cross‐link bonding. Furthermore, the large α‐helix presence within the vacuoles points to a loss of matrix‐like material as well as significant intermolecular stabilisation of the protein structures. By analysing the carbonyl stretching region, it was established that the fibrillar, cortical cell‐like components showed considerable stabilisation from H‐bonding interactions, similar to the cortex, involving amino acid side chains whereas, in contrast, the vacuoles were found to only be stabilised significantly by structural lipids.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using hybrid atomic force microscopy and infrared spectroscopy (AFM‐IR) to identify chemical components of the hair medulla on the nanoscale

Fellows

Casford

Davies

2021

Journal of Microscopy

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“…Furthermore, animal identification is important in case of illegal trade (Cooper and Cooper, 2008[ 5 ]; Lawton and Cooper, 2009[ 19 ]; Nishant et al, 2017[ 23 ]). Moreover, Chernova (2014[ 4 ]) provided a proof of principle that hair examination can give some evidence of the age.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hair histology as a tool for forensic identification of some domestic animal species

Ahmed

Ali

Ghallab

2018

EXCLI Journal; 17:Doc663; ISSN 1611-2156

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Animal hair examination at a criminal scene may provide valuable information in forensic investigations. However, local reference databases for animal hair identification are rare. In the present study, we provide differential histological analysis of hair of some domestic animals in Upper Egypt. For this purpose, guard hair of large ruminants (buffalo, camel and cow), small ruminants (sheep and goat), equine (horse and donkey) and canine (dog and cat) were collected and comparative analysis was performed by light microscopy. Based on the hair cuticle scale pattern, type and diameter of the medulla, and the pigmentation, characteristic differential features of each animal species were identified. The cuticle scale pattern was imbricate in all tested animals except in donkey, in which coronal scales were identified. The cuticle scale margin type, shape and the distance in between were characteristic for each animal species. The hair medulla was continuous in most of the tested animal species with the exception of sheep, in which fragmental medulla was detected. The diameter of the hair medulla and the margins differ according to the animal species. Hair shaft pigmentation were not detected in all tested animals with the exception of camel and buffalo, in which granules and streak-like pigmentation were detected. In conclusion, the present study provides a first-step towards preparation of a complete local reference database for animal hair identification that can be used in forensic investigations.

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“…The medullar layer had the most fragile hairs (as in Cervidae), and the seasonal changeability of medulla progress validates this layer's contribution to thermal insulation (Wei et al, 1997). Chernova (2002); (Chernova, 2014) revealed the hair identification database. The medulla had two morphologies: ladder and non-columnar; the latter had thick and thin-walled medulla.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Animal hair identification can assist in demonstrating physical contact with a suspect, victim, and crime scene (Knecht, 2012). Hair examination may also reveal the animal's age (Chernova, 2014; Clement et al, 1981; Riggott & Wyatt, 1983; Wyatt & Riggott, 1977).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light and scanning electron microscopic characterization of the Egyptian buffalo hair in relation to age with analysis by SEM‐EDX

El‐Gendy

Derbalah

El‐Mansi

et al. 2023

Microscopy Res & Technique

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The purpose of this study was to demonstrate a relationship between the microstructure and measurements of Egyptian buffalo hair and age. The buffalo studied ranged in age from young to premature to adult (3–8 months, 1.5–3, 4–6, and 8–10 years). The hair was collected from the animals' withers. Cuticle elements were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), light microscopy, and energy‐dispersive X‐ray (EDX) analysis. Hair shaft diameter increased with age, according to SEM and light microscopy measurements. The values of shaft diameter obtained by SEM of the same animal were 64%–67% of the values obtained by light microscopy due to shrinkage of the hair during the drying process. Additional microscopy measurements revealed that the width of the cortex and medulla increased with age, while the width of the cuticle decreased slightly. The medulla index of four different age groups ranged from 0.56 to 0.61 μm. The average distance between successive scale values increased from 4.83 μm in the young group to 8.86 μm between the ages of 8 and 10 years. The scale pattern had a distinct personality at each stage of age. The hair medulla was in the center and consisted of a mesh‐like structure with large pores divided into smaller pores by septa. The cortex was a bundle of fibers that wrapped around the medulla. Light microscopy revealed small oval granules and large streak‐like granules in the cortex. EDX spectra revealed that carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen were shown to be more abundant in all age groups of buffalo. In buffalo hair, oxygen was the second most abundant element after carbon. The carbon mass in the examined samples decreased slightly with age (42.31%, 39.18%, 38.88%, and 38.49%), while oxygen increased with age. We concluded that hair measurements varied with age, scale microstructure, and elements, so we estimated buffalo animals' ages up to 10 years. Highlights The goal was to show a link between the microstructure and measurements of Egyptian buffalo hair and age. Hair shaft diameter increased with age, according to scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and light microscopy measurements. The hair shaft diameter obtained by light microscopy was higher than that obtained by scanning electron microscopy of the same animal; we hypothesized that the difference in hair shaft diameter measured by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy of the same animal was due to the shrinkage of the hair during the drying process. The width of the cortex and medulla increased with age, while the width of the cuticle decreased slightly. The average distance between successive scale values increased from 4.83 μm in the young group to 8.86 μm between 8 and 10 years old. At each stage of age, the scale pattern had a distinct personality. Carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen were found to be more abundant in the hair of buffalo of all ages and were detected using energy‐dispersive X‐ray (EDX) spectra. After carbon, oxygen was the second most abundant element in buffalo hair. The carbon mass in the samples studi...

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Scanning electron microscopy of the hair medulla of orangutan, chimpanzee, and man

Cited by 10 publications

References 7 publications

Using hybrid atomic force microscopy and infrared spectroscopy (AFM‐IR) to identify chemical components of the hair medulla on the nanoscale

Using hybrid atomic force microscopy and infrared spectroscopy (AFM‐IR) to identify chemical components of the hair medulla on the nanoscale

Hair histology as a tool for forensic identification of some domestic animal species

Light and scanning electron microscopic characterization of the Egyptian buffalo hair in relation to age with analysis by SEM‐EDX

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