Scanning electron microscopy of zygospore formation in Choanephora circinans (Mucorales)

Kirk, Paul M.

doi:10.1016/s0007-1536(77)80197-6

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…However, the zygosporangium of G . persicaria formed between opposed suspensors is strongly verrucose and more typical of Mucoraceae, where this species seems best placed, whilst those of Blakeslea, Choanephora and Poitrasia, formed between apposed suspensors, are smooth and the zygospore proper bears crowded, approximately parallel ridges (Kirk, 1977(Kirk, , 1984Mistry, 1978). Benjamin (1979) and Kirk (1984) exclude Gilbertella from the Choanephoraceae.…”

Section: Choanephoraceaementioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrastructure of mucoralean sporangiospores

Young

1985

Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society

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The fine structure of sporangiospores found in members of the Choanephoraceae, Cunninghamellaceae, Mortierellareae, Mucoraceae, Pilobolaceae, Syncephalastraceae and Thamnidiaceae (Mucorales) is reviewed. Sporangiospore structure in the merosporangiferous Dimargaritaceae (Dimargaritales), Kickxellaceae (Kickxellales) and Piptocephalidaceae (Zoopagales) is also considered briefly for comparison with the merosporangiferous Syncephalastraceae.

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Section: Choanephoraceaementioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrastructure of mucoralean sporangiospores

Young

1985

Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society

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“…The zygosporangium of members of the Choanephoraceae (Hesseltine 1953, Kirk 1977, Poitras 1955 and may be nearly equal in diameter to the hypha in which they are formed, or greatly enlarged.…”

Section: Gemmae In Thementioning

confidence: 99%

The Whole Fungus: The Sexual-Asexual Synthesis

K.¹,

Kendrick²

1980

Mycologia

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have often remained relatively obscure because they have simply been dismissed as asexual spores.But although mitotically formed, they are not 'a-sexual' since not only can they fuse with monokaryotic hyphae of their own taxon, but some also produce growth substance(s)which attract the hyphae of their own or closely related taxa. Thus a spermatium can be "recognized' by the hyphal tips of a growing colony of the same or similar species: Kemp (pers. comm.) has claimed that the "homing response'', as he calls it, is not species-specific, and can occur between a hypha and an arthroconidium of closely related species. This homing reaction can frequently be observed within 1-2 hours.Homing is a very valuable tool for the taxonomic agaricologist, because the response is often found in closely related species, and although a lethal reaction may follow, at least by this means one can ascertain the relative closeness of two taxa.Ecologically, the arthroconidia probably act as 'sterilizing' agents in any microhabitat, suppressing the growth and establishment of any late-comers, or restricting them to other ecological niches.Undoubtedly there is a stimulatory series in the genus Coprinus (Coprinaceae), for although there are two basic types of arthroconidium, 'wet' and 'dry', the former are frequently poor at germinating although strong attractors, whilst the latter germinate freely but are not usually good at causing the 'homing' effect. Dry and wet conidia are uncommonly found together in a single species.A range of conidiophores is produced within a single genus such as Coprinus (Fig. 19.1A §& H), and, by screening as many species as possible, work in Edinburgh has shown that the kind of branching of the conidiophore often reflects the infra-generic grouping. Thus Kemp (pers. comm.) has shown that, in the two species of Subsect. Comqtt he studied, spherical arthroconidia are formed on candelabra-like conidiophores, but those in Subsect. Lanatult form arthroconidia which coalesce into small 'wet' heads held above the vegetative mycelium.In the Sect. Hemerobit (s.g. Pseudocoprinus Kithner emend. Orton § Watling, ined,) the variation in conidiophore morphology is much greater, in my opinion reflecting the greater diversity of the genus, a diversity which is also seen in the range of mating patterns exhibited, i.e., homothallic, 2-spored or 4-spored, bipolar or tetrapolar, and vegetative hyphae with or without clamp-connections. In 2-spored C. sassit M. Lge & A.H. Smith, and 4-spored C. hiascens (Fr.) Quél., short conidiophores are formed, reduced still further in C. congregatus (Bull. ex St. Amans) Fr., where the arthroconidia are formed in tufts more or less directly on the vegetative hyphae. Species forming wet or dry arthroconidia are found in the Setulosi, and in some species conidiophores are absent altogether. C. pellucidus Karst. and C. steZlatus Buller are both homothallic, lack clamp-connections and form dry conidia; in contrast, wet conidia are formed in C. congregatus. The wet arthroconidia apparently possess a s...

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“…However, in most zygomycetes the sexual spores are either completely lacking, not reported, or difficult to induce in culture. The elaborate wall ornamentations of zygospores have been examined in both the SEM and TEM and utilized as taxonomic criteria (Hawker and Beckett, 1971;Chien et al, 1974;Schipperetal., 1975;Kirk, 1977;Egansand Samson, 1977). O'Donnell et al (1978) pointed out that the mature zygospore of mucoraceous fungi is encompassed by an outer (exospore) layer derived from the zygosporangium and an inner (endospore) layer formed by the zygospore proper.…”

Section: Sporangiospores and Zygosporesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contributions of Electron Microscopy to Fungal Classification

Cole

1979

Am Zool

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SYNOPSIS. Such characters as surface ultrastructure of asexual and sexual propagules, wall and septal ultrastructure, the fine structure of ascal tips, and ultrastructural aspects of nuclear division have taxonomic significance for major groups of fungi. Information derived from fine-structural analyses can be correlated with that obtained from lightmicroscopic, chemical, and developmental investigations. The versatility of electronmicroscopic facilities makes them powerful research tools in the hands of the innovative taxonomist.

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Scanning electron microscopy of zygospore formation in Choanephora circinans (Mucorales)

Cited by 9 publications

References 14 publications

Ultrastructure of mucoralean sporangiospores

Ultrastructure of mucoralean sporangiospores

The Whole Fungus: The Sexual-Asexual Synthesis

Contributions of Electron Microscopy to Fungal Classification

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