Scanning Temperature Gradient Focusing

Hoebel, Stacey J.; Balss, Karin M.; Jones, Brian; Malliaris, Constantin D.; Munson, Matthew; Vreeland, Wyatt N.; Ross, David

doi:10.1021/ac060934r

Cited by 46 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…(ii) The same apparatus that is used for TGF can be used with other recently described methods [42,43], so that multiple analysis methods could be used to confirm results with no increase in instrument complexity or weight. (iii) With typical TGF operating parameters for multianalyte analyses, the concentration of analytes at the point of detection (after high-resolution separation) is 100-fold greater than its concentration in the sample [33]. This factor can be increased to approximately 1000-fold with the use of field amplified injection [34].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, we applied scanning TGF [33] without a chiral selector to the Mars7 standard, a mixture of seven amino acids including five chiral amino acids [9]. The amino acids were labeled with 5-FAM SE as described above and then diluted into 0.5 mol/L Tris-borate buffer, pH 8.3, and placed in the sample reservoir (see Fig.…”

Section: Achiral Separation With Scanning Temperature Gradient Focusingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Scanning TGF is a modification of the initial TGF method in which the bulk counterflow velocity is varied or scanned over time so that each analyte sequentially enters the focusing gradient, is focused a controlled amount as it traverses the gradient and is then rinsed to waste [33]. With scanning TGF it is possible to separate mixtures of several components (such as amino acid samples) with high resolution and low LODs [33,34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With scanning TGF it is possible to separate mixtures of several components (such as amino acid samples) with high resolution and low LODs [33,34]. In contrast to the more familiar electrophoretic separation techniques, with scanning TGF, there is no defined injection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of a temperature gradient focusing method for in situ extraterrestrial biomarker analysis

Danger¹,

Ross²

2008

Electrophoresis

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Development of a temperature gradient focusing method for in situ extraterrestrial biomarker analysisScanning temperature gradient focusing (TGF) is a recently described technique for the simultaneous concentration and separation of charged analytes. It allows for high analyte peak capacities and low LODs in microcolumn electrophoretic separations. In this paper, we present the application of scanning TGF for chiral separations of amino acids. Using a mixture of seven carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester-labeled amino acids (including five chiral amino acids) which constitute the Mars7 standard, we show that scanning TGF is a very simple and efficient method for chiral separations. The modulation of TGF separation parameters (temperature window, pressure scan rate, temperature range, and chiral selector concentration) allows optimization of peak efficiencies and analyte resolutions. The use of hydroxypropyl-b-CD at low concentration (1-5 mmol/L) as a chiral selector, with an appropriate pressure scan rate ( 20.25 Pa/s) and with a low temperature range (3-257C over 1 cm) provided high resolution between enantiomers (R s .1.5 for each pair of enantiomers) using a short, 4 cm long capillary. With these new results, the scanning TGF method appears to be a viable method for in situ trace biomarker analysis for future missions to Mars or other solar system bodies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Achiral Separation With Scanning Temperature Gradient Focusingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Development of a temperature gradient focusing method for in situ extraterrestrial biomarker analysis

Danger¹,

Ross²

2008

Electrophoresis

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“…Scanning TGF was performed as described elsewhere [13,15,28]. Briefly, a 5 mm-wide optical window was burned into a 3 cm-long capillary prior to enclosure between two polycarbonate sheets; the sandwich assembly was then placed in a hydraulic press at 500 kg, heated to 2007C, and then cooled to 1207C, before releasing pressure.…”

Section: Instrumentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative temperature gradient focusing performed using background electrolytes at various pH values

et al. 2006

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Temperature gradient focusing (TGF) has previously been shown to be a practical technique for simultaneous concentration and separation of a variety of samples. In this paper, we demonstrate that TGF can be conducted at a wide range of pH values. Techniques for first-order prediction of the suitability of a given BGE for focusing are discussed. Buffer suitability for TGF is assessed experimentally by simultaneously concentrating and separating a pair of fluorescent analytes. One analyte is held at constant concentration for use as an internal standard while the concentration of the other dye is varied. Peak area is shown to vary linearly with the input dye concentration. A high degree of resolution (R(s) >3) of fluorescein and carboxyfluorescein, as well as for two LysoSensor-based dyes, is also observed. Foucusing and separation by TGF was successfully conducted quantitatively in BGE solutions of pH from 3.0 to 10.5.

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Counter‐flow gradient electrofocusing

Shackman

Ross

2007

Electrophoresis

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Counter-flow gradient electrofocusing techniques are methods whereby a combination of electrophoresis and a bulk solution counter-flow is used to accumulate or focus analytes at stationary points along a separation column. This review first describes the various forms of counter-flow gradient electrofocusing that have been demonstrated in the literature and then compares figures of merit for counter-flow focusing methods and conventional CE methods. In an effort to compare the concentration enhancement of the various focusing techniques against each other, as well as of stacking methods, the parameter of analyte-accumulation velocity is introduced and employed to normalize the efficacy of the techniques.

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Scanning Temperature Gradient Focusing

Cited by 46 publications

References 17 publications

Development of a temperature gradient focusing method for in situ extraterrestrial biomarker analysis

Development of a temperature gradient focusing method for in situ extraterrestrial biomarker analysis

Quantitative temperature gradient focusing performed using background electrolytes at various pH values

Counter‐flow gradient electrofocusing

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