Scanning to conclusions? Visual attention to neutral faces under stress in individuals with and without subclinical paranoia.

Hillmann, Tobias E.; Ascone, Leonie; Kempkensteffen, Jürgen; Lincoln, Tania M.

doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2016.08.013

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Supporting this conceptualization, individuals with paranoid beliefs have been found to misclassify faces with neutral emotional expressions as angry 25 – 27 and rate them as less trustworthy 28 – 30 compared to those without such beliefs (but see 31 – 33 ). However, these findings are based on explicit ratings derived from individuals’ percepts , thus failing to disentangle the relative impact of prior beliefs and sensory inputs on perception.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Visualizing threat and trustworthiness prior beliefs in face perception in high versus low paranoia

Bott,

Steer,

Faße

et al. 2024

Schizophr

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Predictive processing accounts of psychosis conceptualize delusions as overly strong learned expectations (prior beliefs) that shape cognition and perception. Paranoia, the most prevalent form of delusions, involves threat prior beliefs that are inherently social. Here, we investigated whether paranoia is related to overly strong threat prior beliefs in face perception. Participants with subclinical levels of high (n = 109) versus low (n = 111) paranoia viewed face stimuli paired with written descriptions of threatening versus trustworthy behaviors, thereby activating their threat versus trustworthiness prior beliefs. Subsequently, they completed an established social-psychological reverse correlation image classification (RCIC) paradigm. This paradigm used participants’ responses to randomly varying face stimuli to generate individual classification images (ICIs) that intend to visualize either facial prior belief (threat vs. trust). An independent sample (n = 76) rated these ICIs as more threatening in the threat compared to the trust condition, validating the causal effect of prior beliefs on face perception. Contrary to expectations derived from predictive processing accounts, there was no evidence for a main effect of paranoia. This finding suggests that paranoia was not related to stronger threat prior beliefs that directly affected face perception, challenging the assumption that paranoid beliefs operate on a perceptual level.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Visualizing threat and trustworthiness prior beliefs in face perception in high versus low paranoia

Bott,

Steer,

Faße

et al. 2024

Schizophr

Self Cite

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“…To our knowledge, few eye movement studies of clinical high-risk populations exist. Hillmann et al showed that individuals with subclinical paranoia had a significantly shorter scanpath and a decrease of scanpath length under stress when looking at neutral faces compared with individuals without paranoia;11 this is similar to the eye movement features found in patients with recent onset of psychosis 6–8. Another recent study of patients at clinical high-risk for psychosis tracked eye movement to gesture perception and reported that those at clinical high-risk gazed at abstract gestures fewer times and spent less time fixating than controls 12.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered attentive bias towards interpersonal communication information across phases of schizophrenia: an eye-tracking study

Zhu

Guo

et al. 2022

Gen Psych

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BackgroundEye movement abnormality in schizophrenia has been studied for several decades. However, patient differences in eye movements across phases of schizophrenia from eye-tracking studies have not been well documented.AimsThis pilot study used eye-tracking technology to investigate attentive bias towards interpersonal communication information across different clinical phases of schizophrenia.MethodsThis study included 78 persons at clinical high risk (CHR) for schizophrenia, 68 first-episode (FEZ) patients, and 39 chronically ill patients from the Shanghai At Risk for Psychosis Extending Project (SHARP Extending cohort) as well as 74 healthy controls (HCs). The experiment was an unguided-viewing task composed of 24 trials showing three types of pictures which varied in the degree of interpersonal communication. Type 1 was a scenery picture without people, type 2 was a picture with four people not communicating, and type 3 was a picture with four people communicating. We used two measures: (1) initial fixation duration and (2) total fixation duration.ResultsA ratio for both measures was calculated between measures for pictures with more or less interpersonal communication. The ratio of initial fixation duration for pictures with people communicating versus pictures with people not communicating was lowest in chronically ill patients (0.13 (0.34))compared with HCs (0.31 (0.36)), FEZ patients (0.31 (0.46)), and CHR patients (0.36 (0.42)). The difference in the ratios of initial fixation duration for type 2 and type 3 pictures was also significant for female participants (HCs vs chronically ill patients, t=2.706, p=0.009; CHR patients vs chronically ill patients, t=4.079, p<0.001). In addition, the ratio of initial fixation duration on pictures with people not communicating versus pictures without people negatively correlated with participants’ high-risk symptoms (r=−0.35, p=0.002) among the CHR group and also correlated with the negative symptom subscore on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) among chronically ill patients (r=−0.33, p=0.037). The ratio of initial fixation duration between type 1 and type 3 pictures was associated with PANSS negative symptoms only in female patients with schizophrenia (r=−0.46, p=0.004).ConclusionsThese findings suggest an altered attentive bias towards pictures with a high degree of interpersonal communication information across different clinical phases in schizophrenia. The ratio of initial attentive orienting was associated with negative symptoms in female patients.

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Introduction to the special issue on cognition and delusions: What do we know, what do we guess, and what do we perhaps falsely believe?

Balzan

Moritz

2017

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

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Scanning to conclusions? Visual attention to neutral faces under stress in individuals with and without subclinical paranoia.

Cited by 6 publications

References 33 publications

Visualizing threat and trustworthiness prior beliefs in face perception in high versus low paranoia

Visualizing threat and trustworthiness prior beliefs in face perception in high versus low paranoia

Altered attentive bias towards interpersonal communication information across phases of schizophrenia: an eye-tracking study

Introduction to the special issue on cognition and delusions: What do we know, what do we guess, and what do we perhaps falsely believe?

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