Scanning tunneling microscopy at potential controlled electrode surfaces in electrolytic environment

Lustenberger, P.; Rohrer, H.; Christoph, R.; Siegenthaler, H.

doi:10.1016/0022-0728(88)85043-5

Cited by 161 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In particular, in-situ scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) has brought a considerable advancement of our understanding of electrified interfaces. In this context, the pioneering work of Siegenthaler and his group [2,3] has to be emphasized that demonstrated the feasibility of electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy (EC-STM) for the first time, and which allows the real space imaging of surfaces in contact with electrolytes and atomic resolution. By far, most of the EC-STM investigations since then have been performed under potentiostatic and equilibrium conditions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic layers at metal/electrolyte interfaces: molecular structure and reactivity of viologen monolayers

et al. 2008

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic layers at metal/electrolyte interfaces: molecular structure and reactivity of viologen monolayers

et al. 2008

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“…An interface between liquid solvent and solid substrate is investigated, thus constituting a liquid-solid interface situated in an electrochemical cell [115,177,196]. By ensuring very clean experimental conditions during measurement, the tunneling conditions at the solid/liquid interface are similar to those formed under ultra-high vacuum (UHV) conditions [160, 161,162].…”

Section: Chapter 2 Electrochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In an electrochemical environment the potential of the tip E tip as well as the potential of the substrate E WE are controlled with respect to the reference electrode RE by an appropriate bipotentiostat [41,115]. Consequently, the bias voltage of the STM setup V b is given by the difference between the potentials of both working electrodes V b = |E tip − E WE |.…”

Section: Setup Of the Ec-stmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Control over electrochemical reactions, and thereby improvement of the stability of the substrate and the tip, was first accomplished by a four-electrode arrangement [95,115,196]. The potential adjustment of each working electrode (WE tip and WE sub ) was achieved by a separate potentiostat (bipotentiostat) with help of a reference electrode (RE) and a counter electrode (CE) [106,107].…”

Section: Setup Of the Ec-stmmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy at the solid/liquid interface

Majer

Schindler

2015

Surface Science

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The spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy (sp-STM) is demonstrated between a magnetized STM tip and a magnetic substrate at the solid/liquid interface under electrochemical conditions at room temperature. Thereby, sp-STM at the solid/liquid interface is accomplished using the differential magnetic mode established by Wulfhekel and Kirschner for investigations at the solid/vacuum interface. The implementation of the sp-STM setup into the electrochemical STM is an important part of this thesis. Special attention is paid to the magnetostriction effect of possible magnetic STM tips. As a model system extended Co islands are electrochemically grown on an Au(111) single crystal. An appropriate electrochemical environment is required to ensure metal Co islands on Au(111), since Co deposition occurs at low potentials where hydrogen evolution and dissolved oxygen contributes to electrochemical reactions at the substrate. After sample preparation extended Co islands on Au(111) up to four atomic layers in height are observed with bare Au(111) areas in between, which is an ideal sample surface for sp-STM at the solid/liquid interface showing ferromagnetic and diamagnetic areas. Sp-STM is employed in-situ at the solid/liquid interface to observe not only sample topography but also sample magnetization of the model system Co/Au (111)

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] One particularly attractive class of systems represent metal adlayers prepared by underpotential deposition (UPD). This process refers to the electrodeposition of metal monolayers on a foreign metal substrate at potentials more positive than the bulk equilibrium potential on the same metal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure transitions between copper-sulphate and copper-chloride UPD phases on Au(111)

2009

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Abstract. Structure transitions between copper UPD adlayers on Au(111)-(1 × 1) in sulfuric acid and chloride containing electrolyte were investigated by in situ scanning tunnelling microscopy. We demonstrate that co-adsorbed sulphate ions in the (√3 × √3)R30° UPD adlayer are replaced by chloride ions and, depending on the halide coverage, a commensurate (2 × 2) or a slightly distorted (5 × 5)-like Cu-Cl UPD adlayer are formed. The stability ranges of these phases are controlled both by the electrode potential and the Cl -concentration. Phase transitions between the three UPD phases were monitored by time-resolved in situ STM. The observed structure details were attributed to mechanisms based on two-dimensional nucleation and growth processes.

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Scanning tunneling microscopy at potential controlled electrode surfaces in electrolytic environment

Cited by 161 publications

References 16 publications

Organic layers at metal/electrolyte interfaces: molecular structure and reactivity of viologen monolayers

Organic layers at metal/electrolyte interfaces: molecular structure and reactivity of viologen monolayers

Spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy at the solid/liquid interface

Structure transitions between copper-sulphate and copper-chloride UPD phases on Au(111)

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