Scattering efficiencies measurements of soft protons at grazing incidence from an Athena Silicon Pore Optics sample

Abstract

Soft protons are a potential threat for X-ray missions using grazing incidence optics, as once focused onto the detectors they can contribute to increase the background and possibly induce radiation damage as well. The assessment of these undesired effects is especially relevant for the future ESA X-ray mission Athena, due to its large collecting area. To prevent degradation of the instrumental performance, which ultimately could compromise some of the scientific goals of the mission, the adoption of ad-hoc magnetic diverters is envisaged. Dedicated laboratory measurements are fundamental to understand the mechanisms of proton forward scattering, validate the application of the existing physical models to the Athena case and support the design of the diverters. In this paper we report on scattering efficiency measurements of soft protons impinging at grazing incidence onto a Silicon Pore Optics sample, conducted in the framework of the EXACRAD project. Measurements were taken at two different energies, $\sim $ ∼ 470 keV and $\sim $ ∼ 170 keV, and at four different scattering angles between 0.6∘ and 1.2∘. The results are generally consistent with previous measurements conducted on eROSITA mirror samples, and as expected the peak of the scattering efficiency is found around the angle of specular reflection.

Multi-technique investigation of silicon nitride/aluminum membranes as optical blocking filters for high-energy space missions

“…1 MeV proton irradiation was performed at the Van der Graaf accelerator at the Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main 12 on a few samples supported by silicon mesh (Table 2). The irradiations were performed with different fluences, reported in Table 2, relative to the total non-ionizing radiation qualification fluence (Q.F.)…”