Scattering of light by thin polymer films. An apparatus for measurement of scattering at very low angles

Plaza, Alphonse; Norris, Forrest H.; Stein, Richard S.

doi:10.1002/pol.1957.1202410714

Cited by 23 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In the Vv scattering pattern from such spherulites ( Fig. 27) a scattering maximum at wider angles (around 150) occurs characteristic of this periodicity.2 4 ,25 The intensity of thuse maxima is much less than that of the low angle maximum and exposure times of several hours are required. The orientation of this maximum with respect to the polarization direction proves the orientation origin of this periodicity.…”

Section: Internal Structurementioning

confidence: 95%

“…to the stretching direction. The Iv pattern will be most intense when the greatest polarizability direction is at 450 to polarization, which results in a "four-leaf clover" type pattern,1 4 A sphere with its maximum polarizability direction in the radial direction is qualitatively optically equivalent to a randomly oriented collection of such rods.…”

Section: Size and Shapementioning

confidence: 99%

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Light-Scattering Studies of the Internal Structure of Films and Fibers

Rhodes¹,

Stein²

1964

Resinographic Methods

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The use of light scattering for studying the structure of polycrystalline polymer films has been described by this and other laboratories (1–3). Theory and experimental methods for photographically and photometrically studying the scattering of films have been described. In this paper, currently used techniques and procedures for measuring the scattering of both films and fibers are described, and methods for separating contributions to scattering from density and orientation heterogeneities and voids are proposed. Procedures are given for determining uniaxial and biaxial orientation of superstructure, as are methods for estimating sizes and anisotropy of structure.

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Section: Internal Structurementioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Size and Shapementioning

confidence: 99%

Light-Scattering Studies of the Internal Structure of Films and Fibers

Rhodes¹,

Stein²

1964

Resinographic Methods

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“…The concept of the non-isotropic component of light scattered by polymers led Stein et al [19] to the introduction of polarizing elements into the optical system. Two polaroids, put before and after the specimen under study (Figure l), provide for the incidence of linearly polarized light and for the analysis of a definite linearly polarized component of the scattered light.…”

Section: Fluctuations In Density and Fluctuations In Optical Anisotromentioning

confidence: 99%

Polarized Light Scattering from Polymer Textures

Moneva¹

1996

Oriented Polymer Materials

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“…Evidence supporting this is the lower gel swelling (about a 2 : 1 ratio), the similar physical characteristics between the D F film and DPF films and the fact that the DPF films are nearly transparent after drying from benzene, which indicates the absence of extensive micropores or defects in the gel network. 8 The data for PF and D P F gels were obtained by extrapolation.…”

Section: Comparison Of Water-swollen and Solvent-exchanged Gelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of cellulose gels by small angle light scattering

Beebe

Coalson

Marchessault

1966

J. polym. sci., C Polym. symp.

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An experimental evaluation of the light scattering from two water‐swollen cellulose gels and the corresponding solvent‐exchanged cellulose gels has been made. The two gels were prepared from a commercial viscose by methods which gave different degrees of swelling. The solvent exchanged gels were finally imbibed with silicone fluids whose refractive indices (n) covered the range 1.40–1.59. The Debye‐Bueche theory for scattering from a heterogeneous solid was applied to the data. The observed scattering could be interpreted in terms of refractive index or density fluctuations which were less for the sample with lover degree of swelling. The average periodicity of the density fluctuations increased as n of the imbibition fluid in the solvent‐exchanged samples approached the value, na, for the amorphous regions and maximized in this region. Comparative lateral order distribution information could be derived from the data. From the results it could be shown that the water‐swollen gel is more homogeneous then after solvent exchange but the difference was less for the less swollen system. The evidence collected supports the idea that cellulose gels are, to a first approximation, three‐phased systems involving high order and low order regions as well as micropores. Electron micrographs of thin sections of the solvent‐exchanged gels served to confirm this hypothesis.

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Scattering of light by thin polymer films. An apparatus for measurement of scattering at very low angles

Cited by 23 publications

References 7 publications

Light-Scattering Studies of the Internal Structure of Films and Fibers

Light-Scattering Studies of the Internal Structure of Films and Fibers

Polarized Light Scattering from Polymer Textures

Characterization of cellulose gels by small angle light scattering

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