Scattering of two distinguishable photons by a<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>Ξ</mml:mi></mml:math>-type three-level atom in a one-dimensional waveguide

Li, T. Y.; Huang, Jinfeng; Law, C. K.

doi:10.1103/physreva.91.043834

Cited by 23 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…This greater control of parameters allows one to reproduce quantum optics phenomena with improved clarity or even reach regimes, that are unattainable with natural atoms. For instance coherent population trapping [10], electromagnetically induced transparency [11,12], Autlers-Townes splitting [13][14][15][16][17], and quantum wave mixing [18] have been experimentally observed in superconducting threelevel systems [19][20][21][22][23]. Moreover, three-level atoms can be used to cool quantum systems [24,25], amplify microwave signals [26] and generate single or entangled pairs of photons [27] -important applications for future quantum networks.…”

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confidence: 99%

Mixing of coherent waves in a single three-level artificial atom

et al. 2018

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We report coherent frequency conversion in the gigahertz range via three-wave mixing on a single artificial atom in open space. All frequencies involved are in vicinity of transition frequencies of the three-level atom. A cyclic configuration of levels is therefore essential, which we have realised with an artificial atom based on the flux qubit geometry. The atom is continuously driven at two transition frequencies and we directly measure the coherent emission at the sum or difference frequency. Our approach enables coherent conversion of the incoming fields into the coherent emission at a designed frequency in prospective devices of quantum electronics.For a long time research in experimental quantum optics focused on studying ensembles of natural atoms [1,2]. However, there have been huge advances in performing analogous quantum optics experiments using other systems [3][4][5]. In particular, superconducting artificial atoms are remarkably attractive to study quantum optics phenomena. The artificial atoms are nano-scale electronic circuits that can be fabricated using well established techniques and can therefore be easily scaled up to larger systems. Their energy levels can be engineered as desired, and strong coupling can be achieved with resonators and transmission lines [6][7][8][9]. This greater control of parameters allows one to reproduce quantum optics phenomena with improved clarity or even reach regimes, that are unattainable with natural atoms. For instance coherent population trapping [10], electromagnetically induced transparency [11,12], Autlers-Townes splitting [13][14][15][16][17], and quantum wave mixing [18] have been experimentally observed in superconducting threelevel systems [19][20][21][22][23]. Moreover, three-level atoms can be used to cool quantum systems [24,25], amplify microwave signals [26] and generate single or entangled pairs of photons [27] -important applications for future quantum networks. Here we investigate three-wave mixing, a nonlinear optical effect that can occur in cyclic threelevel atoms, which are lacking in nature [28], but can easily be realised with superconducting artificial atoms. The only suitable natural systems for the three-wave mixing are chiral molecular three-level systems without inversion symmetry [29]. However, these systems cannot be tuned in frequency. Different to Josephson junction based parametric three-wave mixing devices [30], that rely on mixing on a classical non-linearity, we implement here another method to generate three-wave mixing using a single cyclic or ∆-type artificial atom. This was considered theoretically in references [28,31].We directly measure the coherent emission of the cyclic three-level atom under two external drives corresponding to two atomic transitions. The emission occurs at a sin-gle mixed frequency (sum or difference). This emission is a corollary of coherent frequency conversion but inherently differs from classical frequency conversion [32,33] which would result in sidebands at the sum and difference frequencies. ...

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confidence: 99%

Mixing of coherent waves in a single three-level artificial atom

et al. 2018

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“…Theories of the interaction of few photons with three (or higher) level emitters predict the generation, or even engineering, of entangled photonic states. For example, two distinguishable photons can be entangled as they scatter from a ladder-type emitter, with the degree of entanglement depending on the spectral content of the photons [102]. The subsequent scattering of additional photons could thus be used to create large photonic entangled states, as shown in Fig.…”

Section: B Three and Four Level Emittersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coherent nonlinear optics of quantum emitters in nanophotonic waveguides

et al. 2019

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Coherent quantum optics, where the interaction of a photon with an emitter does not scramble phase coherence, lies at the heart of many quantum optical effects and emerging technologies. Solidstate emitters coupled to nanophotonic waveguides are a promising platform for quantum devices, as this combination is scalable. Yet, reaching full coherence in these systems is challenging due to the dynamics of the solid-state environment of the emitters. Here, we review progress towards coherent light-matter interactions with solid-state quantum emitters coupled to nanophotonic waveguides. We first lay down the theoretical foundation for coherent and nonlinear light-matter interactions of a two-level system in a quasi-one-dimensional system, and then benchmark experimental realizations. We then discuss higher-order nonlinearities that arise due to the addition of photons of different frequencies, more complex energy-level schemes of the emitters, and the coupling of multiple emitters via a shared photonic mode. Throughout, we highlight protocols for applications and novel effects that are based on these coherent interactions, the steps taken towards their realization, and the challenges that remain to be overcome.

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“…One-dimensional (1D) waveguides exhibit diversity as they can modulate the transmission of photonic states by coupling with quantum emitters. [11][12][13][14][15] There are various types of quantum emitters, including quantum dots, [16][17][18] two-level atoms, [19][20][21][22][23][24][25] three-level atoms, [26][27][28] side optical cavities, [29][30][31] and cavities with an atom [32][33][34][35][36] or nonlinear Kerr mediums. [37][38][39] Many physical phenomena have been studied, such as electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT), [40][41][42] Fano resonance, [43][44][45] polarization effect, [46] slow light behavior, [47] and multi-photon transport.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum routing of few photons using a nonlinear cavity coupled to two chiral waveguides

Liu¹,

Yang²,

Lu³

et al. 2022

Chinese Phys. B

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We investigate few-photons scattering properties in two one-dimensional waveguides chirally coupled to a nonlinear cavity. The quantum states of scattered few-photons are solved analytically via a real-space approach, and the solution indicates the few-photons reflection and transmission properties. When inputing two photons of equal energy to resonate with the cavity, the propagation characteristics of the two photons will be interesting, which is different from the previous anti-bunching effects with a quantum emitter. More importantly, when the total energy of the two incident photons equals the energy of a nonlinear cavity accommodating two photons, the bound state will become larger influence resulting in the disappearance of the antibunching effect. However, the bound state have no effect the probability of routing to another waveguide.

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Scattering of two distinguishable photons by aΞ-type three-level atom in a one-dimensional waveguide

Cited by 23 publications

References 74 publications

Mixing of coherent waves in a single three-level artificial atom

Mixing of coherent waves in a single three-level artificial atom

Coherent nonlinear optics of quantum emitters in nanophotonic waveguides

Quantum routing of few photons using a nonlinear cavity coupled to two chiral waveguides

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