With the improvement of stealth and penetration ability of high-speed targets, it is more and more difficult to capture and recognize high-speed targets by relying on traditional optical characteristic signals. It is urgent to expand the characteristic optical elements as an effective complement to the existing detection means. As an optical element, polarization greatly expands the optical information dimension and has high application value in the field of target detection and recognition. This paper presents a method for calculating polarization radiation transmission of rocket plume based on Monte Carlo method. The correctness of the algorithm is verified by an example of L13. The detection wavelength of 1.55 um was selected, and the polarization characteristics of the solid rocket plume at different viewing angles and the imaging characteristics at different viewing angles were calculated using this method. The imaging results show that the characteristics of the polarization degree can reflect the profile of the plume at different observation angles. The point source results show that the polarization degree of the plume is very small in the case of point source radiation, and the polarization Angle changes obviously with the change of the relative detection azimuth, which is helpful to analyze the plume orientation and other information in the case of point source detection.