Scattering Regimes for Underwater Optical Wireless Communications using Monte Carlo Simulation

Jasman, Faezah; Zaiton, A. M.; Ahmad, Zahir; Rihawi, Zeina

doi:10.11591/ijece.v8i4.pp2571-2577

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…where σ is the water conductivity, ω is the angular frequency of the RF signal, and μ is the vacuum permeability. Attenuation loss (in dB) can be computed by (5):…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Apart from that, optical and radio frequency (RF) are also available in water communication. Nevertheless, these optical and RF technologies can provide higher throughput compared to acoustic but both technologies have limitation in term of the transmission distance [5]. For optical signal it normally requires line-of-sight between the transmitter and receiver that is hard to be achieved in water due to the higher  ISSN: 2088-8708 particle inside [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Design of an axial mode helical antenna with buffer layer for underwater applications

Jaafar

Ja’afar²,

Yamada³

et al. 2023

IJECE

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<span lang="EN-US">Recently, there is an increasing demand for high-speed wireless communication network for short-range underwater communication. From previous research, most underwater antennas produced omnidirectional radiation pattern which has lower antenna gain. There are a few considerations that need to be taken if the antenna is designed to operate in water environment. This paper discusses the electromagnetic properties which affect the underwater antenna design. Physical properties such as electrical permittivity and conductivity of water contribute significant effect to the size of the antenna as it influences the behavior of electromagnetic signal that propagates in water. In this study, an axial mode helical antenna with waterproof container is presented which operates at 433 MHz. The axial mode helical antenna has circular polarization and is suitable to support wireless application which is surrounded by some obstruction. The proposed antenna produces a bidirectional radiation pattern by placing it into a waterproof casing. Good agreement between the simulation and measurement results validates the concept. However, a little discrepancy between the simulated and measured results may be attributed to the noise originated from the equipment and the environment.</span>

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“…where σ is the water conductivity, ω is the angular frequency of the RF signal, and μ is the vacuum permeability. Attenuation loss (in dB) can be computed by (5):…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of an axial mode helical antenna with buffer layer for underwater applications

Jaafar

Ja’afar²,

Yamada³

et al. 2023

IJECE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…[25] MC Channel estimation and evaluation under geometric losses. [26] MC Scattering regimes of photons.…”

Section: Ref Nomentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of 3 dB Optical Intensity Spot Radius of Laser Beam under Scattering Underwater Channel

Wang

Rajbhandari

et al. 2020

Sensors

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An important step in the design of receiver aperture and optimal spacing of the diversity scheme for an underwater laser communication system is to accurately characterize the two-dimensional (2D) spatial distribution of laser beam intensity. In this paper, the 2D optical intensity distribution and 3 dB optical intensity spot radius (OISR) are investigated due to the dominating optical intensity of laser beam being within the 3 dB OISR. By utilizing the Henyey–Greenstein function to compute the scattering angles of photons, the effects of the scattering underwater optical channel and optical system parameters on 3 dB OISR are examined based on the Monte Carlo simulation method. We have shown for the first time that in the channel with a high density of scattering particles, the divergence angle of the laser source plays a negligible role in 3 dB OISR. This is an interesting phenomenon and important for optical communication as this clearly shows that the geometric loss is no longer important for the design of receiver aperture and optimal spacing of the diversity scheme for the underwater laser communication system in the highly scattering channel.

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Estimation of the channel characteristics of a vertically downward optical wireless communication link in realistic oceanic waters

Sahoo

Sahu

Shanmugam

2019

Optics & Laser Technology

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Scattering Regimes for Underwater Optical Wireless Communications using Monte Carlo Simulation

Cited by 4 publications

References 14 publications

Design of an axial mode helical antenna with buffer layer for underwater applications

Design of an axial mode helical antenna with buffer layer for underwater applications

Investigation of 3 dB Optical Intensity Spot Radius of Laser Beam under Scattering Underwater Channel

Estimation of the channel characteristics of a vertically downward optical wireless communication link in realistic oceanic waters

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