Scedosporium spp.: Chronicle of an emerging pathogen

Luna-Rodríguez, Carolina E.; Treviño-Rangel, Rogelio de J.; Montoya, Alexandra M.; Becerril-García, Miguel A.; Andrade, Ángel; González, Gloria M.

doi:10.24875/rmu.18000032

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Immunohistological procedures using polyclonal fluorescent antibodies have attempted to improve the accuracy of in situ detection (Kaufman et al, 1997), but cross-reaction with antigens from other fungi such as Aspergillus hamper their usefulness. For these reasons, diagnosis of scedosporiosis and lomentosporosis relies on the recovery of the etiological agent from clinical specimens and identification using macroscopic and microscopic features (Ramsperger et al, 2014;Luna-Rodríguez et al, 2019) in vitro. As with Fusarium species, accurate differentiation of species is critical for guiding clinical management due to variable antifungal susceptibilities (Gilgado et al, 2006;Cortez et al, 2008;Box et al, 2018).…”

Section: Detection Of Scedosporium and Lomentospora Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of the ‘Big Five’ mold killers of humans: Aspergillus, Fusarium, Lomentospora, Scedosporium and Mucormycetes

Thornton

2020

Advances in Applied Microbiology

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Fungi are an important but frequently overlooked cause of morbidity and mortality in humans. Life-threatening fungal infections mainly occur in immunocompromised patients, and are typically caused by environmental opportunists that take advantage of a weakened immune system. The filamentous fungus Aspergillus fumigatus is the most important and well-documented mould pathogen of humans, causing a number of complex respiratory diseases, including invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, an often fatal disease in patients with acute leukemia or in immunosuppressed bone marrow or solid organ transplant recipients. However, non-Aspergillus moulds are increasingly reported as agents of disseminated diseases, with Fusarium, Scedosporium, Lomentospora and mucormycete species now firmly established as pathogens of immunosuppressed and immunocompetent individuals. Despite well-documented risk factors for invasive fungal diseases, and increased awareness of the risk factors for life-threatening infections, the number of deaths attributable to moulds is likely to be severely underestimated driven, to a large extent, by the lack of readily accessible, cheap, and accurate tests that allow detection and differentiation of infecting species. Early diagnosis is critical to patient survival but, unlike Aspergillus diseases, where a number of CE-marked or FDA-approved biomarker tests are now available for clinical diagnosis, similar tests for fusariosis, scedosporiosis and mucormycosis remain experimental, with detection reliant on insensitive and slow culture of pathogens from invasive bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, tissue biopsy, or from blood. This review examines the ecology, epidemiology, and contemporary methods of detection of these mould pathogens, and the obstacles to diagnostic test development and translation of novel biomarkers to the clinical setting.

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Section: Detection Of Scedosporium and Lomentospora Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of the ‘Big Five’ mold killers of humans: Aspergillus, Fusarium, Lomentospora, Scedosporium and Mucormycetes

Thornton

2020

Advances in Applied Microbiology

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“…5 In recent years, reports showing high mortality due to deep and disseminated infection by the genus Scedosporium/Lomentospora have increased as a worrying issue worldwide. 6 Some fungi have been described as harmless saprophytes in contaminated water that cause severe infection after near-drowning accidents. Infection with fungal propagules is one of the complications of near-drowning, which can have a fatal result.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…“Near drowning” implies recovery (even if temporary) from drowning, and it can be assumed that this accident is 2–20 times more prevalent than drowning 6 . This condition leads to life‐threatening infections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review and disability‐adjusted life years of Scedosporium/Lomentospora infection in patients after near‐drowning

Kermani,

Yazdani Charati,

Roohi

et al. 2024

Mycoses

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Scedosporium/Lomentospora species exist as saprophytic moulds that can potentially lead to serious infections in patients who have experienced near‐drowning incidents. Scedosporium species are distributed across different regions of the world while Lomentospora prolificans has quite a restricted geographic distribution. We aimed to systematically review scedosporiosis cases after near‐drowning, their clinical manifestations, underlying diseases, treatments, outcomes and its impact through disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs). Five available sources were searched from 1 January 2007, to 20 April 2022. Thirty‐eight studies, including 41 patients, were evaluated. Mean age was 33.6 ± 18.6 years (range 1–68), and 28 were male (68.3%). Central nervous system (CNS) dissemination predominated (36/41; 87.8%), presenting mainly as multiple brain abscesses (26/41; 63.4%), followed by lung involvement (22/41; 56.4%). Scedosporium apiospermum species complex was the most causative agent (38/41; 92.7%). Overall mortality was 51.2%. Half of the patients (18/37) were cured after receiving proper treatment, and in most cases, voriconazole alone or in combination with surgery or other antifungals caused survival. The mean survival time was 123 ± 27 days. Mean DALYs in 1980–2022 were 46.110 ± 3.318 (39.607–52.612). Time to diagnosis was estimated to be 120 days, and there was no association between time to diagnosis and outcome. Voriconazole is a potentially effective therapy, and combination of surgery and antifungal treatment may lead to more favourable outcome. Advances in early diagnosis and appropriate antifungal therapy may have contributed to reducing its mortality.

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“…Among fungal infections, the genus Scedosporium has gained visibility over the last three decades worldwide due to its recognition as a cause of infection both in immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals, leaving behind the reputation of the opportunist [ 8 ]. Though the exact epidemiology is still unknown, the first to describe a fast-growing hyphomycete isolated from a white-grain mycetoma was Tarozzi in 1909, to be followed by Saccardo in 1911, who suggested the name Scedosporium for this newly recognized fungus [ 9 , 10 ]. Nowadays, six species affect humans: Scedosporium apiospermum , Pseudallescheria boydii ( Scedosporium boydii ), Scedosporium aurantiacum, Scedosporium minutisporum , Scedosporium dehoogii , and Lomentospora prolificans , which can be isolated from damp soil, decaying vegetation, polluted waters, sewage, and the manure of farm animals [ 10 , 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Though the exact epidemiology is still unknown, the first to describe a fast-growing hyphomycete isolated from a white-grain mycetoma was Tarozzi in 1909, to be followed by Saccardo in 1911, who suggested the name Scedosporium for this newly recognized fungus [ 9 , 10 ]. Nowadays, six species affect humans: Scedosporium apiospermum , Pseudallescheria boydii ( Scedosporium boydii ), Scedosporium aurantiacum, Scedosporium minutisporum , Scedosporium dehoogii , and Lomentospora prolificans , which can be isolated from damp soil, decaying vegetation, polluted waters, sewage, and the manure of farm animals [ 10 , 11 ]. These species are acquired through inhalation or traumatic inoculation (wounds, scratching lesions, local injections or catheter fixation, surgical interventions) and may cause either localized (arthritis, osteomyelitis, sinusitis, keratitis, endocarditis, pneumonia, central nervous system, cutaneous and lymphocutaneous signs and symptoms) or systemic manifestations [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recurrent Scedosporium apiospermum Cutaneous Infection in a Patient with Rheumatoid Arthritis: The Potent Role of IL-6 Signaling Pathway Blockade: A Case-Based Review

Pieta

Venetsanopoulou

Kittas

et al. 2023

JoF

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Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients deal with a higher risk of bacterial and fungal infections compared to the general population because of their dysregulated immune system as well as the immunosuppressive therapy they usually receive. Scedosporium spp. is a fungal pathogen responsible for cutaneous, lung, central nervous system, and eye infections, mostly in immunocompromised patients, leading to death in disseminated cases. We report the case of an 81-year-old woman with rheumatoid arthritis treated with steroids and an IL-6 inhibitor who was diagnosed with scedosporiosis of the upper limb. She was treated with voriconazole for one month, which was discontinued due to adverse events, and when scedosporiosis relapsed, she switched to itraconazole. We also reviewed the current literature on RA patients presenting with Scedosporium infections. Early and accurate diagnosis of scedosporiosis has therapeutic and prognostic implications, as traditionally this fungus is resistant to commonly used antifungals. Clinical alertness regarding uncommon infections, including fungal, in patients with autoimmune diseases on immunomodulatory agents is essential for effective treatment.

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Scedosporium spp.: Chronicle of an emerging pathogen

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Detection of the ‘Big Five’ mold killers of humans: Aspergillus, Fusarium, Lomentospora, Scedosporium and Mucormycetes

Detection of the ‘Big Five’ mold killers of humans: Aspergillus, Fusarium, Lomentospora, Scedosporium and Mucormycetes

A systematic review and disability‐adjusted life years of Scedosporium/Lomentospora infection in patients after near‐drowning

Recurrent Scedosporium apiospermum Cutaneous Infection in a Patient with Rheumatoid Arthritis: The Potent Role of IL-6 Signaling Pathway Blockade: A Case-Based Review

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