Schädelidentifizierung durch Superprojektion nach dem Verfahren der elektronischen Bildmischung, modifiziert zum Trickbild-Differenz-Verfahren

Helmer, R; Grüner, O.

doi:10.1007/bf02114614

Cited by 23 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…Several researchers have attempted to overcome problems of orientation and size (23)(24)(25) and methods were modified and improved upon especially with the development of new technologies such as video monitors and video animation compositors. Clyde Snow was the first American scientist to make use of video cameras for photo superimposition (17,(23)(24)(25)(26). As superimposition developed over the years, the technique itself became less important than the main problem of accurately matching a skull to a photo.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An investigation into the accuracy and reliability of skull-photo superimposition in a South African sample

Gordon

Steyn

2012

Forensic Science International

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One of the aims of forensic science is to determine the identities of victims of crime. In some cases the investigators may have ideas as to the identities of the victims and in these situations, ante mortem photographs of the victims could be used in order to try and establish identity through skull-photo superimposition. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of a newly developed digital photographic superimposition technique on a South African sample of cadaver photographs and skulls. Forty facial photographs were selected and for each photo, 10 skulls (including the skull corresponding to the photo) were used for superimposition. The investigator did not know which of the 10 skulls corresponded to the photograph in question. The skulls were scanned 3-dimensionally, using a Cyberware™ Model 3030 Colour-3D Scanhead scanner. The photos were also scanned. Superimposition was done in 3D Studio Max and involved a morphological superimposition, whereby a skull is superimposed over the photo and assessed for a morphological match. Superimposition using selected anatomical landmarks was also performed to assess the match. A total of 400 skull-photo superimpositions were carried out using the morphological assessment and another 400 using the anatomical landmarks. In 85% of cases the correct skull was included in the possible matches for a particular photo using morphological assessment. However, in all of these cases, between zero and three other skulls out of 10 possibilities could also match a specific photo. In the landmark based assessment, the correct skull was included in 80% of cases. Once again, however, between one and seven other skulls out of 10 possibilities also matched the photo. This indicates that skull-photo superimposition has limited use in the identification of human skeletal remains, but may be useful as an initial screening tool. Corroborative techniques should also be used in the identification process.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An investigation into the accuracy and reliability of skull-photo superimposition in a South African sample

Gordon

Steyn

2012

Forensic Science International

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“…The first version of this technique was Helmer and Grüner's video-mixing technique [10,11]. An economical modification of the technique using currently available video and computer technology was presented by Fenton et al in 2008 [6].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Images of both the skull and the photograph were acquired by two separate TV cameras and were then displayed on a TV monitor with the aid of a video mixing device. For the first time, this allowed the alignment of the skull with the photograph in live view [11]. The skull-portrait superimposition displayed on the TV screen was then documented by photographing the image off the monitor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Superimposition technique for skull identification with Afloat® software

Birngruber

Kreutz²,

Ramsthaler

et al. 2010

Int J Legal Med

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The craniofacial superimposition technique is still an important way of identifying skulls when there is no reference sample for a forensic DNA analysis, when DNA typing from remaining tissue samples has failed, or when antemortem dental records are not available. Through the widespread use of digital photography, the probability of portrait photographs of the missing person being available for comparison is reasonably high. We present a superimposition technique that is inexpensive, since it uses a free software tool compatible with the soft-and hardware components already being used in many facilities. Into the bargain, this technique yields high-quality results.

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“…NOW that video systems are readily accessible, electronic superimposition is the method of choice. This allows more accurate alignment of the skull over the photograph and also takes into account the three-dimensional character of the skull (Brown, 1983;Helmer, 1984Helmer, , 1987. These improvements have eliminated many photographic problems such as the precise duplication of angle, shade, and enlargement that limited the accuracy of transparencies.…”

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confidence: 96%

“…Important contributions have been made in a number of crucial areas. Facial tissue depth was established for various populations (Rhine and Campbell, 1980;Helmer, 1984; Hodson et al, 19851, and Caldwell (1981) elicited additional details of the relationship between the face and skull by using death masks from the Terry Collection.For progress to continue, it was necessary to obtain a better understanding of the correlation between soft tissue features and skeletal anatomy. In 1983, Stewart illustrated the anatomic relationship of the palpebral ligament to the orbits.…”

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confidence: 99%

Rise of forensic anthropology

İşcan

1988

Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.

112

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Physical anthropologists have long been called upon to apply their knowledge of human skeletal biology to practical problems of concern to the medicolegal system. The discipline of forensic anthropology arose out of this need to determine and assess the characteristics of a n individual. The present paper traces the development of forensic anthropology and analyzes its brief historical roots, methodological advances, and the role it now plays in both the anthropological community and the criminal justice system. Since its formal establishment as a section of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences in 1972, the discipline has made great strides, especially in the determination of demographic characteristics such as age, sex, and race. There is, however, a dearth of research on the factors of individualization accompanied by a proliferation of improperly designed studies. Unfortunately, further progress is limited by the absence of a precisely documented, modern skeletal collection. This paper also addresses the issue of identification and the problems associated with current approaches and the interpretation of results. This critical review of the field leads to the conclusion that the future of forensic anthropology depends on the commitment of its practitioners and investigators to the research and development of forensically applicable techniques.For years many anthropologists assisted the medicolegal profession and law enforcement agencies but did so without any official standards of qualification. The creation of the Physical Anthropology section of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences (AAFS) in 1972 marked the beginning of a new era (Kerley, 1978a). Now, after 16 years as a specialty in its own right, it is time to review the historical development of forensic anthroplogy that has led to its current status. Although this paper emphasizes the formalization of forensic anthropology as a discipline in the United States, a global approach is important, and I have integrated scientific contributions from around the world into each section. This presentation will focus on the nature of the discipline, its interaction with physical anthropology, its role in the forensic sciences, and its professional responsibilities. ANTHROPOLOGY AND THE FORENSIC SCIENCESForensic science is composed of the branches of academic disciplines that can be applied to aid the medicolegal system. I will use the American experience to illustrate how anthropology became a part of this multidisciplinary field. The AAFS was formed largely through the efforts of R.H. Gradwohl, who founded the academy in 1950 (Eckert, 1980). Its objectives are "to promote education for and research in the forensic sciences; to encourage the study, improve the practice, elevate the standards and advance the cause of the forensic sciences; to promote interdisciplinary communications. . . ." (American Academy of Forensic Sciences, 1987:xii). 204YEARBOOK OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY [Vol. 31, 1988 Snow (1982) recounts that before 1970, only two phys...

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Schädelidentifizierung durch Superprojektion nach dem Verfahren der elektronischen Bildmischung, modifiziert zum Trickbild-Differenz-Verfahren

Cited by 23 publications

References 0 publications

An investigation into the accuracy and reliability of skull-photo superimposition in a South African sample

An investigation into the accuracy and reliability of skull-photo superimposition in a South African sample

Superimposition technique for skull identification with Afloat® software

Rise of forensic anthropology

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