Schedule-induced polydipsia suppresses pituitary-adrenal activity in rats.

Brett, Linda P.; Levine, Seymour

doi:10.1037/h0077619

Cited by 142 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…Such conditions seem to be the common situations in which "schedule-induced adjunctive behavior" appears (Falk, 1977). A concomitant of such situations is a high level of pituitary-adrenal activity thatis quickly reduced when the adjunctive response (e.g., drinking) occurs (Brett & Levine, 1979). In our situation, the highly motivated response constrained by an externally imposed schedule and the species-typical response that can reduce the corticosterone level happen to be the same.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Modulation of taste-induced drinking: The effects of concentration shifts and drinking interruptions

Rabiner

Kling

Spraguer

1988

Animal Learning & Behavior

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The drinking of saccharin solutions by nondeprived rats was found to increase on initial exposure as a function of daily sessions and not as a function of previous state of deprivation or vigor of drinking. Large and persisting positive and negative successive contrast effects followed a single shift in concentration. Forcing the drinking to occur in short bouts by withdrawing the drinking tube elevated total intake above the level established by the positive and negative contrasts. The drinking returned to baseline when uninterrupted drinking was permitted. Maximum drinking occurred with 10-and 20-min interruptions of 2-min drinking periods. Consecutive daily interrupted drinking sessions did not produce further increases in drinking, as might have been predicted by opponent process theory or by a classical conditioning interpretation. It was suggested that the persistence of the positive and negative contrasts was dependent on the limited past experience of the animals with the saccharin taste, and that the enhancement of drinking by interruption may depend on the increased excitement produced by drinking tube withdrawal and the reduction of the excitement by reintroduction of the tube.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Modulation of taste-induced drinking: The effects of concentration shifts and drinking interruptions

Rabiner

Kling

Spraguer

1988

Animal Learning & Behavior

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“…All these environments may involve chronic conflict and frustration (Odberg 1978(Odberg , 1987b and hence stress (e.g. Falk 1971;Duncan & Wood-Gush 1974;Brett & Levine 1979), particularly if uncontrollable or unpredictable (e.g. Weiss 1971;Reynolds 1978;Herbert 1987).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, the gastric ulceration developed by rats when forcibly restrained is significantly lower in animals that perform the apparently irrelevant displacement activity of biting an object (Vincent et al 1984). Adjunctive behaviour such as polydipsia (Brett & Levine 1979;Tazi et al 1986;Dantzer et al 1987) and chain-chewing by sows (Dantzer & Morm6de 1981) may also be accompanied by physiological signs of coping.…”

Section: Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Stereotypies: a critical review

1991

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Abstract. Stereotypies are repetitive, invariant behaviour patterns with no obvious goal or function. They seem to be restricted to captive animals, mentally ill or handicapped humans, and subjects given stimulant drugs. In this respect they are abnormal, although possibly the product of normal behavioural processes. Stereotypies are often associated with past or present sub-optimal aspects of the environment, and have been used as a welfare indicator. It has been hypothesized that stereotypies have beneficial consequences which reinforce their performance, although other means, such as positive feedback, may equally explain their persistence. Empirical evidence links them with lowered awareness of external events, and reduced arousal and distress. However, as most of this evidence is correlational it remains uncertain that the stereotypies are themselves the cause of coping. Furthermore, they are heterogeneous in source of origin, proximate causation and physical characteristics, and they change over time in important respects, becoming more readily elicited by a wider range of circumstances. Therefore the properties of one stereotypy are not necessarily those of another.

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“…Falk proposed that adjunctive behaviour may be related to displacement activities and hence to the frustration evident in a situation in which small periodic reinforcers are interspersed with long periods; events over which the subject has no control. It has even been suggested that schedule-induced polydipsia (SIP) may be a coping response, forming a strategy to minimise the frustration evident in this situation (Brett and Levine 1979). Either suggestion assumes that SIP arises from the induction of an aversive state in the subject which should be susceptible to treatment with anxiolytic drugs.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of buspirone and ipsapirone on schedule induced polydipsia: comparison with 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT) and raclopride

Ryan¹,

Evenden²,

Petterson³

1993

Psychopharmacology

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In the present experiments, the effects of the azapirone anxiolytics, buspirone and ipsapirone, on excessive drinking induced by a FT-60 schedule of food delivery (schedule induced polydipsia, SIP) were investigated. Because buspirone is known to block dopamine receptors and both buspirone and ipsapirone act as agonists at the 5-HT1A receptor, their effects on polydipsia were compared to raclopride, an antagonist at D2 receptors, and 8-OH-DPAT, an agonist at the 5-HT1A receptor, thus providing information about the relative importance of the serotonergic and/or dopaminergic systems for the maintenance of polydipsia. The effects of all four drugs were investigated both acutely, and following repeated treatment. The doses employed were as follows: buspirone, 1.0, 3.0, and 10.0 mg/kg; raclopride, 0.05, 0.15, and 0.5 mg/kg; 8-OH-DPAT, 0.1, and 1.0 mg/kg and ipsapirone, 1.0, 3.0, 10.0 mg/kg. Administered acutely, the lowest doses of buspirone and raclopride did not alter drinking, whilst the low dose of 8-OH-DPAT significantly reduced polydipsia. These effects were reversed following repeated treatment over 16 successive days. Buspirone 1.0 mg/kg and 0.05 mg/kg raclopride reduced drinking, whilst tolerance developed to the effects of 0.1 mg/kg 8-OH-DPAT. Ipsapirone, at low doses, was without effect on drinking. At high doses, all four drugs reduced drinking both acutely and chronically. Repeated treatment with buspirone (3.0, and 10.0 mg/kg) reduced licking and panel entries, but induced a selective decrease in licking at the low dose (1.0 mg/kg). Similar effects were seen following raclopride treatment, although the effects were less selective. 8-OH-DPAT and ipsapirone, in contrast reduced licking only at the highest dose, and both drugs increased panel entries as testing continued. The effects of buspirone resembled those of raclopride whereas the effects of ipsapirone resembled those of 8-OH-DPAT. Buspirone appears to act as a dopamine antagonist in this test. The effects of the drugs suggest that SIP depends upon motivational and performance factors which may be more sensitive to drug manipulation than potential underlying psychological factors such as anxiety or stress.

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Schedule-induced polydipsia suppresses pituitary-adrenal activity in rats.

Cited by 142 publications

References 29 publications

Modulation of taste-induced drinking: The effects of concentration shifts and drinking interruptions

Modulation of taste-induced drinking: The effects of concentration shifts and drinking interruptions

Stereotypies: a critical review

Effects of buspirone and ipsapirone on schedule induced polydipsia: comparison with 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT) and raclopride

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