Scheduling multirate sessions in time division multiplexed wavelength-routing networks

Subramaniam, Suresh; Harder, Eric J.; Choi, Hyeong‐Ah

doi:10.1109/49.887929

Cited by 43 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…However the offered bandwidth granularity is higher than many applications. An optical time-division multiplexing (OTDM) system [1]- [4] divides each wavelength into multiple time slots, and each time slot offers a finer bandwidth granularity. OTDM requires minimum header processing and is considered a more practical form of time-domain optical switching in the near future than packet switching [5]- [7], which is hindered by the lack of adequate optical processing devices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Optical TDM Ring Architecture

Chen¹,

Lea

Wong

2007

IEEE Trans. Commun.

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Abstract-In this paper, we explore new optical time-division multiplexing (OTDM) ring architectures. The objective of our study is to achieve high space-reuse efficiency of each time slot without using time-slot interchanges, which are expensive and difficult to implement in the optical domain. Although a TDM slot is often compared to a wavelength channel in a wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) network, we show that the intrinsic propagation delay in an OTDM network will lead to a phenomenon, called a slot cycle in the paper, that has no counterpart in WDM networks. By exploring the concept and the algebraic relationship between the frame size and the total propagation delay of the ring, we discover a novel OTDM ring architecture that achieves a high space-reuse efficiency without using time-slot interchanges. The equivalent of this architecture in the WDM domain can only be achieved with the use of many wavelength converters. We also study the efficiency of the architecture based on different types of traffic demand models in the network.Index Terms-Optical ring architecture, optical time-division multiplexing (TDM).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Optical TDM Ring Architecture

Chen¹,

Lea

Wong

2007

IEEE Trans. Commun.

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“…Thus, it is not possible to determine whether the analysis is applicable to network with CTR with non-immediate forwarding. The analysis in [15] provides more details than in [13] and [14] regarding timing issues in the network model, specifically, a synchronizer that aligns incoming time slots while ensuring that the delay between nodes is an integer number of time slots. The issue in this case, is how the alignment is performed, e.g., how to align when one incoming time slot starts exactly in the middle of another incoming time slot and how the synchronizer "decides" what time reference to use.…”

Section: A Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fractional Lambda Switching Principles of Operation and Performance Issues

Baldi

Ofek

2004

SIMULATION

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This paper introduces fractional lambda (λ) switching (FλS) and studies its blocking issues. FλS is a completely novel and extremely promising technology for the realization of low complexity, high scalability switches. FλS is unique in enabling the implementation of alloptical dynamical switching with current state-of-the-art components. Being a new technology, FλS requires investigation, especially for what its performance and efficiency are concerned, in order for its deployment to be undertaken by network operators. In this view, the present work is extremely relevant since it is instrumental in enabling a widespread deployment of such a promising technology.Resource reservation over an FλS network requires a schedule. As in other scheduling cases, a call may not be accepted, even though there is enough capacity, because the schedule is not available-the call is then considered blocked. This work studies the probability of call blocking as a function of link utilization.The results show that (especially if multiple wavelength division multiplexing channels are deployed on optical links between fractional λ switches) high link utilization can be achieved with negligible call blocking, even when realizing switching fabrics as Banyan networks.This work is unique since it is related to a unique technology. Even though FλS has similarities with circuit switching (i.e., SONET/SDH switching), its basic working principle, pipeline forwarding, is fundamentally different since it is based on the deployment of UTC (Universal Coordinated Time) to control the forwarding of data units in the network. Pipeline forwarding provides FλS with unique features, which makes existing methodologies to study the performance of both packet switching and circuit switching not applicable to FλS. This determines the novelty and significance of this work and explains the lack of related work.The results produced by this work can be used to encourage the deployment of FλS. Moreover, the work presents a basic approach that can be used in future FλS performance studies.A small subset of the simulation results have been presented at the IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC2002), Optical Networking Symposium, New York, NY, USA, Apr. 2002. However, no information on the simulation methodology and tool have been thus far published or are under revision for possible publication. Abstract -This paper introduces fractional lambda (λ) switching (FλS) and studies its blocking issues. FλS uses a global common time reference (CTR) for implementing pipeline forwarding (PF) inside the network. A global CTR is conveniently realized with the UTC (coordinated universal time) standard. Resource reservation over an FλS network requires a schedule. As in other scheduling cases, a call may not be accepted, even though there is enough capacity, because the schedule is not available-the call is then considered blocked. This work studies the probability of call blocking as a function of link utilization. The results show that (especially if multip...

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“…The user is granted the right to send out his data to the assigned wavelength channels within the particular time slots of the periodic time frames. The path searching algorithm may determine the path by looking up precomputed records [4], [5], or by computing the path using current information of the network status [7]. The required time for path searching and time division sub-channel reservation is in general not critical and electronic processing can be used.…”

Section: Optical Time Division Multiplexed Wavelength-routed Netwmentioning

confidence: 99%

A wavelength-switched time-slot routing scheme for wavelength-routed networks

Wai

et al. 2004

2004 IEEE International Conference on Communications (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37577)

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Abstract-Optical time division multiplexing (OTDM) is an effective approach to improve the performance of wavelengthrouted (WR) networks. Implementation of all-optical time-slot routing in OTDM-WR networks is difficult owing to the lack of practical optical buffer and sophisticated optical processing devices. In this paper, we proposed a wavelength-switched timeslot routing scheme that can be implemented with fast wavelength converters only. Simulation results demonstrate that the performance of the proposed scheme is much better than that of WR networks and is comparable to OTDM-WR networks with timeshared space switching.

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Scheduling multirate sessions in time division multiplexed wavelength-routing networks

Cited by 43 publications

References 7 publications

A New Optical TDM Ring Architecture

A New Optical TDM Ring Architecture

Fractional Lambda Switching Principles of Operation and Performance Issues

A wavelength-switched time-slot routing scheme for wavelength-routed networks

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