Scheduling vegetable sales to supermarkets in Europe: The tomato case

Abstract

This article analyzes the temporal programming of sales for a horticultural marketing company, e.g. a cooperative. The empirical study references the European tomato market, where most of the production is sold through the retail channel dominated by large distribution chains. We study the marketing schedule for an individual company, or even a prominent farmer, using a modified Markowitz model, assuming that his decisions do not affect the balance of market prices. As a result, this model can manage risk and improve decision-making. The data also provide information on the risk borne by marketers depending on their sales calendar, which often depends on their geographic location.

Research on Vegetable Pricing and Replenishment Strategies Based on ARMA Models

“…Considering that the sales of vegetables are related to the seasons, the average monthly sales and average daily sales of each category of vegetables are obtained by using the processing of the data, and then the data of each single product are obtained according to the same principle; for the degree of correlation between different categories [3], the Q-Q diagram is used to determine that the data do not conform to the positive distribution, so the Spearman's correlation coefficient is used to analyze and to draw heat maps; and for the correlation degree among the different single products As there are too many types of single products, grey correlation and clustering analysis are considered to deal with the degree of correlation between them, and the criterion of clustering is to take their four-year average daily sales, transform it into the overall value, and then through low-dimensional visualization, after initially judging that it can be divided into a few categories, clustering is performed on the single products. In order to help merchants determine the total daily replenishment and pricing strategy for the coming week, the seasonal ARMA model is considered to be used to fit the curves of sales and cost margin of each image category using SVR; finally, a single-objective optimization model with the goal of maximizing the revenue of the superstore is established, which helps merchants determine the total daily replenishment and pricing strategy for the coming week [4].…”