Schemas and lexical blends

Kemmer, Suzanne

doi:10.1075/cilt.243.08kem

Cited by 69 publications

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“…Lexical blending is a well-known and well-studied phenomenon (Kemmer 2003). How widespread, however, is the process of constructional blending, of the kind that we have reported?…”

Section: S E E I N G a S T H O U G H 131mentioning

confidence: 73%

Seeing as though

Taylor¹,

Pang²

2008

English Language and Linguistics

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In this article we address a hitherto unstudied causal conjunction in English, seeing as though. Occurring predominantly in informal registers, the conjunction is typically used to introduce information which the speaker takes to be self-evidently true and on whose basis some further comment, or query, is made. Drawing on data derived from internet searches we draw up a semantic profile of the expression in comparison and contrast with other reason connectives, namely, seeing (that) and since. The data suggest that seeing as though is associated with highly subjective construals of the reason relation. We also address the internal structure of the expression. The use of seeing in a reason conjunction is traced to a common conceptual metaphor, whereby KNOWING IS SEEING. More puzzling is the occurrence of as though. While rejecting the possibility of a compositional analysis of the expression, we note that as though is only one of a number of items which can occur with causal seeing. These items have to do with the appearance of things and are in fact able to occur as complementizers after predicates of seeming and appearing. To this extent, as though is consistent with the subjectivity associated with the complex conjunction. In the course of our investigation, we also document the extraordinary proliferation of reason connectives that involve lexical items such as seeing, as, though, and several others, and suggest that this exuberance of new forms may not be unrelated to the subjectivity inherent in the construal of causal relations.

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“…Lexical blending is a well-known and well-studied phenomenon (Kemmer 2003). How widespread, however, is the process of constructional blending, of the kind that we have reported?…”

Section: S E E I N G a S T H O U G H 131mentioning

confidence: 73%

Seeing as though

Taylor¹,

Pang²

2008

English Language and Linguistics

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“…One group of researchers who represent this type of approach come from the field of Cognitive Grammar (e.g. Ryder 1994;Kemmer 2003;Tuggy 2005); another group (e.g. Booij 2010) base their theories on the key ideas of Construction Grammar.…”

Section: Survey Of Morphological Theoriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diminutive verbs in German: semantic analysis and theoretical implications

Weidhaas¹,

Schmid

2015

Morphology

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German verbs ending in -eln are often described as having a diminutive or iterative meaning. While this rather vague and general observation is widely agreed upon, hardly any research has been done to examine these verbs in a systematic way. In this paper, we try to close this gap by examining morphological, semantic and pragmatic aspects of these verbs as well as discussing the potential of various theoretical models to explain these results.Based on Jurafsky's (1996) model of diminutives, we extend the notion of verbal attenuation to cover concepts like iterativity, low intensity and small pieces, which are part of the semantics of many -eln verbs. In addition to these semantic means of attenuation, many -eln verbs also trigger pragmatic types of attenuation such as contempt, trivialization or affection. We discuss possible relations between these different concepts and also show that some of them are more relevant for -eln verbs than others.As a corpus-based analysis shows, these various types of verbal attenuation can not only be observed with verbs like tänzeln, where -l-appears as the result of a semantically motivated process of derivation, but, surprisingly, also quite frequently with verbs like fiedeln (< Fiedel) or non-derived verbs like nörgeln, where the presence of -l-cannot be accounted for in this way. This complex situation calls for an explanation which traditional rule-based approaches fail to provide. As a consequence, schema-based and exemplar-based models are discussed. We argue that output-oriented exemplar-based accounts promise to provide the best model of -eln verbs, since they allow for recognition of the importance of as well as the interaction between phonological, morphological, semantic and pragmatic similarities between B T. Weidhaas -eln verbs, even when these verbs result from entirely different types of derivation or are not derived at all.Keywords German verbal word-formation · Diminutive · Schema-based morphology · Exemplar-based morphology Wo er eine Kamera wittert, da optimistelt er hinein. 'Wherever he scents a camera, he puts on an optimisticish face.'

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“…Degree of phonic integration of the constituents: prototypical blends exhibit high to medium integration: intersection (palimony: (p)al + alimony) or union (brunch). Mattiello (2013: 134) notes that one of the regularities of blend formation is the tendency towards "similarity/identity at the juncture", and Kemmer (2003) mentions as a common characteristic of blends the fact that the sources share phonological material: this means that typical blends tend to display overlapping phonemes from the sources (occasionally the overlap is only graphic, as in smog, where the sound /ɒ/ comes from 'fog' whereas the letter <o> belongs to both 'smoke' and 'fog'). In cases of medium integration, splinters from different sources come together to form a new syllable, as in geep: g(oat) + (sh)eep, or Brexit: Br(itish) + exit.…”

Section: Application Of Parameters To Prototypical Casesmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Carmageddon and Invizimals to SimCity and Digimon: Blending Patterns in Videogame Titles

Rúa

2019

Complut. j. Engl. stud.

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This paper delves into the structure and motivations of blending by reporting on the results of the analysis of a corpus of 80 blends gathered from the field of videogaming. The starting point will be a multidimensional description based on a set of parameters and values drawn on previous works by, among others, Kemmer (2003), Ronneberger-Sibold (2006) andMattiello (2013). In accordance with the principles of Prototype Theory (Lakoff 1987;Langacker 1987), the combination of values displayed by the items results in an overall degree of typicality and will allow their location in the centre or the periphery of the category. The theoretical framework will be put into practice in the analysis of a corpus of blends naming videogames. Most of them are found to be prototypical items, the most common type being the so-called "overlapping" blend (Splatoon: splat + platoon). Lastly, concerning the motivations for the creation of blends in this particular field, these items succeed in economically capturing key features of the game so as to awaken the interest of potential buyers. Moreover, blends anticipate the humorous, puzzling or creative qualities of the game they name and wink at the players' inventiveness to work out rules.[es] De Carmageddon e Invizimals a SimCity y Digimon: Patrones de cruces léxicos en títulos de videojuegos Resumen. Este trabajo profundiza en la estructura y motivaciones de los cruces léxicos a partir de los resultados del análisis de un corpus de 80 cruces léxicos del campo de los videojuegos. El punto de partida es una descripción multidimensional basada en un conjunto de parámetros recogidos de estudios previos de, entre otros, Kemmer (2003), Ronneberger-Sibold (2006) y Mattiello (2013. De acuerdo con los principios de la Teoría de Prototipos (Lakoff 1987;Langacker 1987), la combinación de valores exhibidos por los ítems da como resultado un nivel global de tipicidad, lo que permite su localización en el centro o la periferia de la categoría. El marco teórico se lleva a la práctica en el análisis de un corpus de cruces léxicos de nombres de videojuegos. La mayor parte de ellos resultan ser elementos prototípicos, y el tipo más común es el denominado cruce léxico "solapado" (Splatoon: splat + platoon). Por último, en lo concerniente a las motivaciones para la creación de cruces léxicos en este campo, dichas formaciones capturan de manera efectiva y económica rasgos clave del juego para despertar el interés de compradores potenciales. Además, los cruces léxicos anticipan los rasgos humorísticos, intrigantes y creativos del juego al que nombran, al tiempo que hacen un guiño a la inventiva de los jugadores para descubrir las reglas.

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Schemas and lexical blends

Cited by 69 publications

References 0 publications

Seeing as though

Seeing as though

Diminutive verbs in German: semantic analysis and theoretical implications

From Carmageddon and Invizimals to SimCity and Digimon: Blending Patterns in Videogame Titles

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