Schistosoma mansoni infection among preschool age children attending Erer Health Center, Ethiopia and the response rate to praziquantel

Kemal, Makida; Tadesse, Gemechu; Esmael, Adem; Abay, Solomón Mequanente; Kebede, Tedla

doi:10.1186/s13104-019-4246-8

Cited by 18 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…This result shows that contamination occurred before 2 years of age, a finding supported by several studies showing that active infection can occur in the very young [ 4 , 9 – 11 , 13 – 16 , 18 – 20 , 31 , 33 – 35 ]. Moreover, prevalence was maximal (96.8%) in children aged from 4 to < 6 years old, which is in concordance with the prevalence of 100% found in SAC in 2008 and with other studies showing massive infestation in SAC [ 13 , 14 , 16 , 18 , 20 , 36 – 38 ]. Until 2014, no treatment was authorized for PSAC and the sharp decrease in S. mansoni prevalence (from 78% in 2008 to 18% in May 2014) reflects the success of our annual health educational campaigns and the building of latrines.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The WHO provided new evidence that these children should be regarded as a high-risk group in endemic areas and encouraged changes in praziquantel formal licensing or off-label use in the treatment of PSAC [ 21 ]. For this purpose, infected PSAC should be provided with crushed tablets of praziquantel, a treatment that has been demonstrated to be safe for this age group [ 4 , 8 , 9 , 11 , 14 , 18 , 19 , 21 , 29 – 32 ]. The investigation began in Assoni before 2014, i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A 12-year follow-up of intestinal schistosomiasis in pre-school-aged children in Assoni Village, Eastern Senegal

N’Diaye

Keita

Danfakha³

et al. 2021

Infect Dis Poverty

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Background To monitor the prevalence of schistosomiasis in school-aged children (SAC), the National Bilharzia Control Program (PNLB) was set up by the Senegalese authorities; however, geographically isolated Bedik ethnic groups that did not benefit from this program were found to be heavily infected with Schistosoma mansoni. This observation led us to implement a new schistosomiasis control program in 2008 under the aegis of the non-governmental organization “Le Kaïcedrat” and in partnership with the PNLB/WHO to monitor the prevalence of schistosomiasis in this area. In the village of Assoni, where 100% of SAC were infected, analysis of the stools of pre-school-aged children (PSAC) showed that they were massively infected, so we decided to focus our program on them. Methods From 2008 to 2020, we (i) monitored the prevalence of S. mansoni in PSAC in Assoni using double-stool smear preparation, (ii) treated the infected PSAC with a standard dose of praziquantel 40 mg/kg, (iii) ran educational campaigns each year in the village, and (iv) built latrines to improve sanitation and reduce schistosomiasis transmission. Linear regression was used to examine the trend in the annual schistosomiasis prevalence and a two-sided of Chi-squared test was used to compare prevalence between the different age groups of PSAC. Results We observed an extremely high prevalence of schistosomiasis (78%) in PSAC before implementation of the program in 2008. Contamination occurred in very young children, as 64.3% of children under 2 years old were infected. Moreover, prevalence increased with age and reached 96.8% in children 4 to < 6 years old. Our annual interventions in Assoni Village raised awareness among villagers that water bodies were areas of significant infestation, allowed the building of 88 latrines and led to a decrease in prevalence in PSAC as only 11% of these children were infected in 2020. Conclusion Our study allowed Assoni to be the first village in Senegal to treat PSAC since 2014, but only on an individual basis. It also shows that schistosomiasis is difficult to eradicate and that multi-sectorial actions are required to keep its prevalence at a low level. Graphic abstract

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 12-year follow-up of intestinal schistosomiasis in pre-school-aged children in Assoni Village, Eastern Senegal

N’Diaye

Keita

Danfakha³

et al. 2021

Infect Dis Poverty

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“…There is a growing awareness that children younger than school age can be infected by schistosomes with possible adverse health impacts [10,13,14,20,[48][49][50] and hence they should be included in the treatment programme for schistosomiasis. However, children younger than school age have not been included in the schistosomiasis control programmes in most settings due to the lack of evidence on the magnitude of the prevalence and health impacts among them, and often limited resources.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and risk factors of Schistosoma mansoni infection among children under two years of age in Mbita, Western Kenya

et al. 2020

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Despite growing evidence that infants and very young children can be infected with schistosomes, the epidemiological features and risk factors are not well described in this age group. We aimed to assess the prevalence of S. mansoni infection in children under two years of age from a population with a known high burden of infection in school-aged children and adults and thus inform the need for interventions in this potentially vulnerable age group. In a cross-sectional study in Mbita Sub-county, along the east coast of Lake Victoria, Western Kenya, we enrolled 361 children aged 6-23 months. The prevalence of S. mansoni infection was detected using the Kato-Katz stool examination and a point-of-care test for urinary circulating cathodic antigen (POC-CCA) (Rapid Medical Diagnostics, Pretoria, South Africa). Three-hundred and five (305) children had complete data of whom 276 (90.5%, 95% CI: 86.6-93.5) children were positive for S. mansoni by the POC-CCA test, while 11 (3.6%, 95%CI: 1.8-6.4) were positive by the Kato-Katz method. All Kato-Katz positive cases were also positive by the POC-CCA test. In multivariable analysis, only geographical area, Rusinga West (AOR = 7.1, 95%CI: 1.4-35.2, P = 0.02), was associated with S. mansoni infection using Kato-Katz test. Independent associations for POC-CCA positivity included age, (12-17 months vs 6-11 months; AOR = 7.8, 95%CI: 1.8-32.6, P = 0.002) and breastfeeding in the previous 24 hours (AOR = 3.4, 95%CI: 1.3-9.0, P = 0.009). We found a potentially very high prevalence of S. mansoni infection among children under two years of age based on POC-CCA test results in Mbita Sub-county, Kenya, which if confirmed strongly supports the need to include infants in public health strategies providing universal prophylactic treatment in high burden settings. Further research is required to PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES

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“…However, it was higher than those found in Burkina Faso (36.3%) ( 25) as well as in other countries in SSA ranging from 0.9 to 39.3% (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18). The differences in prevalence among these studies could be attributed to the types of water bodies, water contact practices, study design, time of survey, and environmental and socio-economic factors (14,16,18,30). In addition, the actual prevalence of S. mansoni infection in our study could be considerably higher if the Kato-Katz technique had been performed from several stool samples provided by the same study participant (6,18).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Schistosoma Mansoni Infection Among Preschool-Aged Children From Panamasso Village, Burkina Faso

Cissé

Sangaré²,

Tahita³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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BackgroundSchistosomiasis remains a major public health concern in sub-Saharan Africa. Although schistosomiasis is well documented in school-aged children in Burkina Faso, prevalence data among preschool-aged children (PSAC) are limited and outdated, and its risk factors in this group remain poorly documented. The main objective of this study was to assess the prevalence and risk factors associated with Schistosoma (S.) mansoni infection among PSAC from Panamasso village, western Burkina Faso.MethodologyA cross-sectional study was carried out among 228 children under 6 years old from Panamasso village. Sociodemographic and water contact data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Kato-Katz and formol-ether concentration techniques were used to detect S. mansoni eggs in stool samples. Urine samples were subjected to a point-of-care circulating cathodic antigen (POC-CCA) cassette test and a centrifugation method to check for both S. mansoni and S. haematobium infection, respectively. Potential risk factors for S. mansoni infection were explored using multivariable logistic regression.ResultsThe mean age of children was 40.2 ± 15.0 months. The prevalence of S. mansoni infection as determined by Kato-Katz, formol-ether concentration, and POC-CCA was 42.1%, 39.5% and 80.7%, respectively. Based on the combined results of the three methods, the overall prevalence of S. mansoni infection was 81.1%. No case of S. haematobium infection was found. The geometric mean intensity of S. mansoni infection was 107.2 eggs per gram of faeces with 54.2%, 33.3%, and 12.5% of the children having light, moderate, and heavy infections, respectively. Girls (AOR = 2.9, 95% CI: 1.3-6.1), a household located within 500 m from the pond (AOR = 3.0, 95% CI: 1.0-8.6), or between 500 and 1000 m from the pond (AOR = 3.0, 95% CI: 1.2-7.2), and child’s history of going to the pond (AOR = 5.0, 95% CI: 1.7-14.3) were the variables significantly associated with S. mansoni infection. ConclusionS. mansoni was the sole species infecting a high proportion of PSAC in the study area. A mass drug administration program with praziquantel is therefore urgently required for those below 6 year-old. Other control strategies should include increased community-awareness and provision of safe water.

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Schistosoma mansoni infection among preschool age children attending Erer Health Center, Ethiopia and the response rate to praziquantel

Cited by 18 publications

References 12 publications

A 12-year follow-up of intestinal schistosomiasis in pre-school-aged children in Assoni Village, Eastern Senegal

A 12-year follow-up of intestinal schistosomiasis in pre-school-aged children in Assoni Village, Eastern Senegal

Prevalence and risk factors of Schistosoma mansoni infection among children under two years of age in Mbita, Western Kenya

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Schistosoma Mansoni Infection Among Preschool-Aged Children From Panamasso Village, Burkina Faso

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