Schistosomiasis Haematobia in Coast Province Kenya

Warren, K. S.; Mahmoud, A. A. F.; Muruka, J; Whittaker, L R; Ouma, John H.; Siongok, T. K. Arap

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1979.28.864

Cited by 46 publications

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“…In S. haematobium endemic area evidence has shown that long term infections are associated with certain risks of urinary involvement which manifest as haematuria, proteinuria, pathology of the urinary tract, iron deficiency anemia and impaired growth (Warren et al;1979;Stephenson et al;Belidi-Mengue et al;1992;Abdel-Wahab et al;2000). Severity of the disease may result to bladder cancer later in adulthood (Mustafa et al; There are continuous increase in the prevalence and intensity of urinary schistosomiasis in many endemic communities in Nigeria (Anosike et al;1999).…”

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confidence: 99%

The epidemiology of <i>Schistosoma haematobium</i> in Odau community in the Niger Delta area of Nigeria

Pi¹,

Okafor²

2006

Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management

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ABSTRACT:A study was conducted between August 2001 and July 2002 to investigate the current pattern of prevalence and intensity of Schistosoma haematobium infection at Odau Community in the Niger Delta Area of Nigeria.. Three hundred urine specimens were examined from randomly sampled individuals aged between 0 years and 73 years. More than 50% of the participants were under the age of 20 years, and the population sampled had a male to female ratio of 37:23. Quantitative microscopic counting of Schistosoma haematobium eggs was carried out. Two hundred and fifty participants out of the three hundred examined were positive for the infection, representing an overall estimated prevalence of 83.3%. The infection rate peaked (93.0%) in the 10-14 years age category. A significant negative correlation (r =0.306, P < 0.1) was found between age and intensity of infection. The age and sex pattern of Schistosoma haematobium infection as obtained from the study area showed a typical peak prevalence in early adolescence with males having a higher prevalence rate (84.9%) than females' (80.9%) (χ 2 = P > 0.01). The high rates of prevalence and intensity of Schistosoma haematobium observed in the present study clearly indicated that Odau Community is facing a great health burden especially the children and women who had severe infections. @JASEM

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confidence: 99%

The epidemiology of <i>Schistosoma haematobium</i> in Odau community in the Niger Delta area of Nigeria

Pi¹,

Okafor²

2006

Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management

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“…1 Ondersoeke wat daarop gerig is om inligting aangaande die algemene epidemiologie van urinêre skistisomose in 'n bepaalde gebied te bekom, sowel as om beramings van die prevalensie en intensiteit van besmetting te maak, word oorwegend op die teenwoordigheid van skistosoom-eiers in die urine gebaseer. Die algemeen aanvaarde praktyk is dat dit meesal op 'n enkel urienmonster 2 wat oorwegend tussen 10:00 en 14:00, die aanvaarde tyd vir 'n piek in ekskresie, ingesamel is, 3,4,5,6,7,8 gebaseer word. Om hierdie gebruik te evalueer, is dit noodsaaklik om die daaglikse variasie in eierekskresie tydens epidemiologiese ondersoeke in ag te neem.…”

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“…Deur die gebruik van 'n sensitiewe fi ltrasietegniek het Warren et al 4 ' n relatiewe lae daaglikse variasie aangetoon en het hierdie outeur tot bepaalde gevolgtrekkings ten opsigte van die gebruike en beperkings van enkelmonsterondersoeke, indien dit vir intensiteitsbepalings aangewend word, gekom. Die omstandigheid dat die getal eiers wat op 'n bepaalde tyd in die urine teenwoordig is, as kriterium vir aspekte soos die graad van morbiditeit, 8 prevalensie, intensiteit, wurmbelading, 9 genitale letsels, 10 en urienwegsiekte 11,12 gebruik word, kan misleidend wees omdat die getal eiers soos reeds genoem, varieer en afl eidings dus moeilik hiervan gemaak kan word.…”

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Egg excretion patterns as criterion for the determination of prevalence and intensity of infection in male and female individuals in different age groups in a schistosome endemic area in the Limpopo Province

Wolmarans

Kock

2010

Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskr Natuurwetenskap Tegnol

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Circulating antigen tests and urine reagent strips for diagnosis of active schistosomiasis in endemic areas

Ochodo

Gopalakrishna

Spek

et al. 2015

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

131

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Background Point‐of‐care (POC) tests for diagnosing schistosomiasis include tests based on circulating antigen detection and urine reagent strip tests. If they had sufficient diagnostic accuracy they could replace conventional microscopy as they provide a quicker answer and are easier to use. Objectives To summarise the diagnostic accuracy of: a) urine reagent strip tests in detecting active Schistosoma haematobium infection, with microscopy as the reference standard; and b) circulating antigen tests for detecting active Schistosoma infection in geographical regions endemic for Schistosoma mansoni or S. haematobium or both , with microscopy as the reference standard. Search methods We searched the electronic databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, BIOSIS, MEDION, and Health Technology Assessment (HTA) without language restriction up to 30 June 2014. Selection criteria We included studies that used microscopy as the reference standard: for S. haematobium , microscopy of urine prepared by filtration, centrifugation, or sedimentation methods; and for S. mansoni , microscopy of stool by Kato‐Katz thick smear. We included studies on participants residing in endemic areas only. Data collection and analysis Two review authors independently extracted data, assessed quality of the data using QUADAS‐2, and performed meta‐analysis where appropriate. Using the variability of test thresholds, we used the hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic (HSROC) model for all eligible tests (except the circulating cathodic antigen (CCA) POC for S. mansoni , where the bivariate random‐effects model was more appropriate). We investigated heterogeneity, and carried out indirect comparisons where data were sufficient. Results for sensitivity and specificity are presented as percentages with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Main results We included 90 studies; 88 from field settings in Africa. The median S. haematobium infection prevalence was 41% (range 1% to 89%) and 36% for S. mansoni (range 8% to 95%). Study design and conduct were poorly reported against current standards. Tests for S. haematobium Urine reagent test strips versus microscopy Compared to microscopy, the detection of microhaematuria on test strips had the highest sensitivity and specificity (sensitivity 75%, 95% CI 71% to 79%; specificity 87%, 95% CI 84% to 90%; 74 studies, 102,447 participants). For proteinuria, sensitivity was 61% and specificity was 82% (82,113 participants); and for leukocyturia, sensitivity was 58% and specificity 61% (1532 participants). Howeve...

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Schistosomiasis Haematobia in Coast Province Kenya

Cited by 46 publications

References 0 publications

The epidemiology of <i>Schistosoma haematobium</i> in Odau community in the Niger Delta area of Nigeria

The epidemiology of <i>Schistosoma haematobium</i> in Odau community in the Niger Delta area of Nigeria

Egg excretion patterns as criterion for the determination of prevalence and intensity of infection in male and female individuals in different age groups in a schistosome endemic area in the Limpopo Province

Circulating antigen tests and urine reagent strips for diagnosis of active schistosomiasis in endemic areas

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